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miRNAs and Stem Cells as Promising Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a cumulative progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized mainly by impairment in cognitive functions accompanied by memory loss, disturbance in behavior and personality, and difficulties in learning. Although the main causes of AD pathogenesis are not fully unders...

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Autores principales: Elzayat, Emad M., Shahien, Sherif A., El-Sherif, Ahmed A., Hosney, Mohamed
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: IOS Press 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10473110/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37212107
http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JAD-221298
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author Elzayat, Emad M.
Shahien, Sherif A.
El-Sherif, Ahmed A.
Hosney, Mohamed
author_facet Elzayat, Emad M.
Shahien, Sherif A.
El-Sherif, Ahmed A.
Hosney, Mohamed
author_sort Elzayat, Emad M.
collection PubMed
description Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a cumulative progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized mainly by impairment in cognitive functions accompanied by memory loss, disturbance in behavior and personality, and difficulties in learning. Although the main causes of AD pathogenesis are not fully understood yet, amyloid-β peptides and tau proteins are supposed to be responsible for AD onset and pathogenesis. Various demographic, genetic, and environmental risk factors are involved in AD onset and pathogenesis such as age, gender, several genes, lipids, malnutrition, and poor diet. Significant changes were observed in microRNA (miRNA) levels between normal and AD cases giving hope for a diagnostic procedure for AD through a simple blood test. As yet, only two classes of AD therapeutic drugs are approved by FDA. They are classified as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists (NMDA). Unfortunately, they can only treat the symptoms but cannot cure AD or stop its progression. New therapeutic approaches were developed for AD treatment including acitretin due to its ability to cross blood-brain barrier in the brain of rats and mice and induce the expression of ADAM 10 gene, the α-secretase of human amyloid-β protein precursor, stimulating the non-amyloidogenic pathway for amyloid-β protein precursor processing resulting in amyloid-β reduction. Also stem cells may have a crucial role in AD treatment as they can improve cognitive functions and memory in AD rats through regeneration of damaged neurons. This review spotlights on promising diagnostic techniques such as miRNAs and therapeutic approaches such as acitretin and/or stem cells keeping in consideration AD pathogenesis, stages, symptoms, and risk factors.
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spelling pubmed-104731102023-09-02 miRNAs and Stem Cells as Promising Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer’s Disease Elzayat, Emad M. Shahien, Sherif A. El-Sherif, Ahmed A. Hosney, Mohamed J Alzheimers Dis Review Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a cumulative progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized mainly by impairment in cognitive functions accompanied by memory loss, disturbance in behavior and personality, and difficulties in learning. Although the main causes of AD pathogenesis are not fully understood yet, amyloid-β peptides and tau proteins are supposed to be responsible for AD onset and pathogenesis. Various demographic, genetic, and environmental risk factors are involved in AD onset and pathogenesis such as age, gender, several genes, lipids, malnutrition, and poor diet. Significant changes were observed in microRNA (miRNA) levels between normal and AD cases giving hope for a diagnostic procedure for AD through a simple blood test. As yet, only two classes of AD therapeutic drugs are approved by FDA. They are classified as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists (NMDA). Unfortunately, they can only treat the symptoms but cannot cure AD or stop its progression. New therapeutic approaches were developed for AD treatment including acitretin due to its ability to cross blood-brain barrier in the brain of rats and mice and induce the expression of ADAM 10 gene, the α-secretase of human amyloid-β protein precursor, stimulating the non-amyloidogenic pathway for amyloid-β protein precursor processing resulting in amyloid-β reduction. Also stem cells may have a crucial role in AD treatment as they can improve cognitive functions and memory in AD rats through regeneration of damaged neurons. This review spotlights on promising diagnostic techniques such as miRNAs and therapeutic approaches such as acitretin and/or stem cells keeping in consideration AD pathogenesis, stages, symptoms, and risk factors. IOS Press 2023-07-25 /pmc/articles/PMC10473110/ /pubmed/37212107 http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JAD-221298 Text en © 2023 – The authors. Published by IOS Press https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review
Elzayat, Emad M.
Shahien, Sherif A.
El-Sherif, Ahmed A.
Hosney, Mohamed
miRNAs and Stem Cells as Promising Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer’s Disease
title miRNAs and Stem Cells as Promising Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer’s Disease
title_full miRNAs and Stem Cells as Promising Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer’s Disease
title_fullStr miRNAs and Stem Cells as Promising Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer’s Disease
title_full_unstemmed miRNAs and Stem Cells as Promising Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer’s Disease
title_short miRNAs and Stem Cells as Promising Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer’s Disease
title_sort mirnas and stem cells as promising diagnostic and therapeutic targets for alzheimer’s disease
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10473110/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37212107
http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JAD-221298
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