Evaluation of ammonia emission reducing effect by adding waste cooking oil in pilot-scale composting of dairy cattle manure

OBJECTIVE: In our previous study, we observed that the addition of waste cooking oil (WCO) reduced ammonia (NH(3)) emissions during laboratory-scale composting of dairy cattle manure under low-aeration condition. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of addition of WCO on NH(3) emissions reduction during pilot-scale composting of dairy cattle manure, which is close to the conditions of practical composting treatment. METHODS: Composting tests were conducted using pilot-scale composting facilities (1.8 m(3) of capacity). The composting mixtures were prepared from manure, sawdust, and WCO. Two treatments were set: without WCO (Control) and with WCO added to 3 wt% of manure (WCO3). Composting was conducted under continuous aeration at 40 L/min, corresponding to 22.2 L/(min·m(3)) of the mixture at the start of composting. The changes in temperatures, NH(3) concentrations in the exhaust gases, and contents of the composted mixtures were analyzed. Based on these analysis results, the effect of WCO addition on NH(3) emissions and nitrogen loss during composting was evaluated. RESULTS: During composting, the temperature increase of the composting mixture became higher, and the decreases of weight and water content of the mixture became larger in WCO3 than in Control. In the decrease of weight, and the residual weight and water content of the mixture, significant differences (p<0.05) were detected between the two treatments at the end of composting. The NH(3) concentrations in the exhaust gases tended to be lower in WCO3 than in Control. Nitrogen loss was 21.5% lower in WCO3 than in Control. CONCLUSION: Reduction of NH(3) emissions by the addition of WCO under low aeration condition was observed in pilot-scale composting, as well as in laboratory-scale composting. This result suggests that this method is effective in reducing NH(3) emissions in practical-scale composting.