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Mechanisms of fibrous cap formation in atherosclerosis

The fibrous cap is formed by smooth muscle cells that accumulate beneath the plaque endothelium. Cap rupture is the main cause of coronary thrombosis, leading to infarction and sudden cardiac death. Therefore, the qualities of the cap are primary determinants of the clinical outcome of coronary and...

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Autores principales: Alonso-Herranz, Laura, Albarrán-Juárez, Julián, Bentzon, Jacob Fog
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10475556/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37671141
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2023.1254114
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author Alonso-Herranz, Laura
Albarrán-Juárez, Julián
Bentzon, Jacob Fog
author_facet Alonso-Herranz, Laura
Albarrán-Juárez, Julián
Bentzon, Jacob Fog
author_sort Alonso-Herranz, Laura
collection PubMed
description The fibrous cap is formed by smooth muscle cells that accumulate beneath the plaque endothelium. Cap rupture is the main cause of coronary thrombosis, leading to infarction and sudden cardiac death. Therefore, the qualities of the cap are primary determinants of the clinical outcome of coronary and carotid atherosclerosis. In this mini-review, we discuss current knowledge about the formation of the fibrous cap, including cell recruitment, clonal expansion, and central molecular signaling pathways. We also examine the differences between mouse and human fibrous caps and explore the impact of anti-atherosclerotic therapies on the state of the fibrous cap. We propose that the cap should be understood as a neo-media to substitute for the original media that becomes separated from the surface endothelium during atherogenesis and that embryonic pathways involved in the development of the arteria media contribute to cap formation.
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spelling pubmed-104755562023-09-05 Mechanisms of fibrous cap formation in atherosclerosis Alonso-Herranz, Laura Albarrán-Juárez, Julián Bentzon, Jacob Fog Front Cardiovasc Med Cardiovascular Medicine The fibrous cap is formed by smooth muscle cells that accumulate beneath the plaque endothelium. Cap rupture is the main cause of coronary thrombosis, leading to infarction and sudden cardiac death. Therefore, the qualities of the cap are primary determinants of the clinical outcome of coronary and carotid atherosclerosis. In this mini-review, we discuss current knowledge about the formation of the fibrous cap, including cell recruitment, clonal expansion, and central molecular signaling pathways. We also examine the differences between mouse and human fibrous caps and explore the impact of anti-atherosclerotic therapies on the state of the fibrous cap. We propose that the cap should be understood as a neo-media to substitute for the original media that becomes separated from the surface endothelium during atherogenesis and that embryonic pathways involved in the development of the arteria media contribute to cap formation. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-08-21 /pmc/articles/PMC10475556/ /pubmed/37671141 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2023.1254114 Text en © 2023 Alonso-Herranz, Albarrán-Juárez and Bentzon. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cardiovascular Medicine
Alonso-Herranz, Laura
Albarrán-Juárez, Julián
Bentzon, Jacob Fog
Mechanisms of fibrous cap formation in atherosclerosis
title Mechanisms of fibrous cap formation in atherosclerosis
title_full Mechanisms of fibrous cap formation in atherosclerosis
title_fullStr Mechanisms of fibrous cap formation in atherosclerosis
title_full_unstemmed Mechanisms of fibrous cap formation in atherosclerosis
title_short Mechanisms of fibrous cap formation in atherosclerosis
title_sort mechanisms of fibrous cap formation in atherosclerosis
topic Cardiovascular Medicine
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10475556/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37671141
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2023.1254114
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