Changes of the acute myocardial infarction-related resident deaths in a transitioning region: a real-world study involving 3.17 million people

BACKGROUND: The impact of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) on the life span of residents in a transitioning region has not been studied in depth. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the changes in AMI-related resident deaths in a transitioning region in China. METHODS: A longitudinal, population-based study was performed to analyze the deaths with/of AMI in Pudong New Area (PNA), Shanghai from 2005 to 2021. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) of AMI in crude mortality rates (CMR), age-standardized mortality rates worldwide (ASMRW), and rates of years of life lost (YLLr) were calculated by the joinpoint regression. The impact of demographic and non-demographic factors on the mortality of residents who died with/of AMI was quantitatively analyzed by the decomposition method. RESULTS: In 7,353 residents who died with AMI, 91.74% (6,746) of them were died of AMI from 2005 to 2021. In this period, the CMR and ASMRW of residents died with/of AMI were 15.23/10(5) and 5.17/10(5) person-years, the AAPC of CMR was 0.01% (95% CI: −0.71,0.72, p = 0.989) and 0.06% (95% CI: −0.71,0.84, p = 0.868), and the ASMRW decreased by 2.83% (95% CI: −3.66,−2.00, p < 0.001) and 2.76% (95% CI: −3.56,-1.95, p < 0.001), respectively. The CMR of people died of AMI showed a downward trend (all p < 0.05) in people ≥60 years but an upward trend [AAPC = 2.47% (95% CI: 0.07,4.94, p = 0.045)] in people of 45–59 years. The change in CMR of people died with/of AMI caused by demographic factors was 28.70% (95% CI: 12.99,46.60, p = 0.001) and 28.07% (95% CI: 12.71,45.52, p = 0.001) per year, respectively. CONCLUSION: Preventative strategies for AMI should be applied to enhance the health management of residents aged 45–59 years or with comorbidities in the transitioning region.