Preliminary observational study of metabonomics in patients with early and late-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS

Non-targeted metabonomic techniques were used to explore changes in metabolic profiles of patients with early onset and late onset T2DM. Newly diagnosed early onset T2DM (EarT2DM) and late onset T2DM (LatT2DM) patients were recruited, and the matched age, sex, and low-risk population of diabetes mellitus were selected as the control group. 117 adults were recruited in the study, including 21 in EarT2DM group with 25 in corresponding control group (heaCG1), and 48 in LatT2DM group with 23 in corresponding control group (heaCG2). There were 15 relatively distinctive metabolic variants in EarT2DM group and 10 distinctive metabolic variants in LatT2DM group. The same changing pathways mainly involved protein, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, taurine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, lysosome and mTOR signaling pathway. The independent disturbed pathways in EarT2DM included branched chain amino acids, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism. The independent disturbed pathways in LatT2DM involved linoleic acid metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, arginine, proline metabolism and FoxO signaling pathway. T2DM patients at different diagnosed ages may have different metabolite profiles. These metabolic differences need to be further verified.