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Environmental enrichment through virtual reality as multisensory stimulation to mitigate the negative effects of prolonged bed rest

Prolonged bed rest causes a multitude of deleterious physiological changes in the human body that require interventions even during immobilization to prevent or minimize these negative effects. In addition to other interventions such as physical and nutritional therapy, non-physical interventions su...

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Autores principales: Šlosar, Luka, Peskar, Manca, Pišot, Rado, Marusic, Uros
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10477372/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37674784
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2023.1169683
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author Šlosar, Luka
Peskar, Manca
Pišot, Rado
Marusic, Uros
author_facet Šlosar, Luka
Peskar, Manca
Pišot, Rado
Marusic, Uros
author_sort Šlosar, Luka
collection PubMed
description Prolonged bed rest causes a multitude of deleterious physiological changes in the human body that require interventions even during immobilization to prevent or minimize these negative effects. In addition to other interventions such as physical and nutritional therapy, non-physical interventions such as cognitive training, motor imagery, and action observation have demonstrated efficacy in mitigating or improving not only cognitive but also motor outcomes in bedridden patients. Recent technological advances have opened new opportunities to implement such non-physical interventions in semi- or fully-immersive environments to enable the development of bed rest countermeasures. Extended Reality (XR), which covers augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), and virtual reality (VR), can enhance the training process by further engaging the kinesthetic, visual, and auditory senses. XR-based enriched environments offer a promising research avenue to investigate the effects of multisensory stimulation on motor rehabilitation and to counteract dysfunctional brain mechanisms that occur during prolonged bed rest. This review discussed the use of enriched environment applications in bedridden patients as a promising tool to improve patient rehabilitation outcomes and suggested their integration into existing treatment protocols to improve patient care. Finally, the neurobiological mechanisms associated with the positive cognitive and motor effects of an enriched environment are highlighted.
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spelling pubmed-104773722023-09-06 Environmental enrichment through virtual reality as multisensory stimulation to mitigate the negative effects of prolonged bed rest Šlosar, Luka Peskar, Manca Pišot, Rado Marusic, Uros Front Aging Neurosci Neuroscience Prolonged bed rest causes a multitude of deleterious physiological changes in the human body that require interventions even during immobilization to prevent or minimize these negative effects. In addition to other interventions such as physical and nutritional therapy, non-physical interventions such as cognitive training, motor imagery, and action observation have demonstrated efficacy in mitigating or improving not only cognitive but also motor outcomes in bedridden patients. Recent technological advances have opened new opportunities to implement such non-physical interventions in semi- or fully-immersive environments to enable the development of bed rest countermeasures. Extended Reality (XR), which covers augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), and virtual reality (VR), can enhance the training process by further engaging the kinesthetic, visual, and auditory senses. XR-based enriched environments offer a promising research avenue to investigate the effects of multisensory stimulation on motor rehabilitation and to counteract dysfunctional brain mechanisms that occur during prolonged bed rest. This review discussed the use of enriched environment applications in bedridden patients as a promising tool to improve patient rehabilitation outcomes and suggested their integration into existing treatment protocols to improve patient care. Finally, the neurobiological mechanisms associated with the positive cognitive and motor effects of an enriched environment are highlighted. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-08-22 /pmc/articles/PMC10477372/ /pubmed/37674784 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2023.1169683 Text en Copyright © 2023 Šlosar, Peskar, Pišot and Marusic. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Šlosar, Luka
Peskar, Manca
Pišot, Rado
Marusic, Uros
Environmental enrichment through virtual reality as multisensory stimulation to mitigate the negative effects of prolonged bed rest
title Environmental enrichment through virtual reality as multisensory stimulation to mitigate the negative effects of prolonged bed rest
title_full Environmental enrichment through virtual reality as multisensory stimulation to mitigate the negative effects of prolonged bed rest
title_fullStr Environmental enrichment through virtual reality as multisensory stimulation to mitigate the negative effects of prolonged bed rest
title_full_unstemmed Environmental enrichment through virtual reality as multisensory stimulation to mitigate the negative effects of prolonged bed rest
title_short Environmental enrichment through virtual reality as multisensory stimulation to mitigate the negative effects of prolonged bed rest
title_sort environmental enrichment through virtual reality as multisensory stimulation to mitigate the negative effects of prolonged bed rest
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10477372/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37674784
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2023.1169683
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