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The systemic effects of the enriched environment on the conditioned fear reaction
In this review, a hypothesis is proposed to explain the beneficial effect of an enriched environment (EE) on the conditioned fear reaction (CFR) from the perspective of a functional system of behavioral control. According to the hypothesis, the EE affects all behavioral act components, including the...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10477375/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37674611 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1227575 |
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author | Grigoryan, Grigory A. |
author_facet | Grigoryan, Grigory A. |
author_sort | Grigoryan, Grigory A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | In this review, a hypothesis is proposed to explain the beneficial effect of an enriched environment (EE) on the conditioned fear reaction (CFR) from the perspective of a functional system of behavioral control. According to the hypothesis, the EE affects all behavioral act components, including the processing of sensory information, memory, motivational and reinforcing systems, and motor activities, which weakens the CFR. Animals raised in the EE have effects that are comparable to those of context (CTX) and CS pre-exposures at latent inhibition. An abundance of stimuli in the EE and constant contact with them provide the formation of CS-noUS and CTX-noUS connections that later, during CFR learning, slow down and diminish fear. The EE also contributes to faster processing of information and habituation to it. As a result, many stimuli in the context lose their significance, and subjects simply ignore them. And finally, the EE affects the motivational and reinforcing brain mechanisms, induces an impairment of search activity, and worsens memory consolidation, which leads to a reduction of CFR. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10477375 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-104773752023-09-06 The systemic effects of the enriched environment on the conditioned fear reaction Grigoryan, Grigory A. Front Behav Neurosci Neuroscience In this review, a hypothesis is proposed to explain the beneficial effect of an enriched environment (EE) on the conditioned fear reaction (CFR) from the perspective of a functional system of behavioral control. According to the hypothesis, the EE affects all behavioral act components, including the processing of sensory information, memory, motivational and reinforcing systems, and motor activities, which weakens the CFR. Animals raised in the EE have effects that are comparable to those of context (CTX) and CS pre-exposures at latent inhibition. An abundance of stimuli in the EE and constant contact with them provide the formation of CS-noUS and CTX-noUS connections that later, during CFR learning, slow down and diminish fear. The EE also contributes to faster processing of information and habituation to it. As a result, many stimuli in the context lose their significance, and subjects simply ignore them. And finally, the EE affects the motivational and reinforcing brain mechanisms, induces an impairment of search activity, and worsens memory consolidation, which leads to a reduction of CFR. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-08-22 /pmc/articles/PMC10477375/ /pubmed/37674611 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1227575 Text en Copyright © 2023 Grigoryan. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Grigoryan, Grigory A. The systemic effects of the enriched environment on the conditioned fear reaction |
title | The systemic effects of the enriched environment on the conditioned fear reaction |
title_full | The systemic effects of the enriched environment on the conditioned fear reaction |
title_fullStr | The systemic effects of the enriched environment on the conditioned fear reaction |
title_full_unstemmed | The systemic effects of the enriched environment on the conditioned fear reaction |
title_short | The systemic effects of the enriched environment on the conditioned fear reaction |
title_sort | systemic effects of the enriched environment on the conditioned fear reaction |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10477375/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37674611 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1227575 |
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