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Unravelling the relation between altruistic cooperativeness trait, smiles, and cooperation: a mediation analysis

INTRODUCTION: Human cooperativeness is an important personality trait. However, the mechanism through which people cooperate remains unclear. Previous research suggests that one of the proposed functions of smiling is to advertise altruistic dispositions, leading to successful cooperation. In partic...

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Autores principales: Deng, Xiaoqi, Hosseini, Sarinasadat, Miyake, Yoshihiro, Nozawa, Takayuki
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10477460/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37674753
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1227266
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author Deng, Xiaoqi
Hosseini, Sarinasadat
Miyake, Yoshihiro
Nozawa, Takayuki
author_facet Deng, Xiaoqi
Hosseini, Sarinasadat
Miyake, Yoshihiro
Nozawa, Takayuki
author_sort Deng, Xiaoqi
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: Human cooperativeness is an important personality trait. However, the mechanism through which people cooperate remains unclear. Previous research suggests that one of the proposed functions of smiling is to advertise altruistic dispositions, leading to successful cooperation. In particular, studies have reported that Duchenne smiles are honest signals of cooperative intent because they are not easy to produce voluntarily. This study aimed to examine the predictive relationships among altruistic cooperativeness traits, Duchenne smiles, and cooperative behavior. METHODS: A total of 90 people were randomly assigned to dyads and filmed while they participated in a ten-minute, unstructured conversation followed by a prisoner’s dilemma game to measure their cooperative behaviors. Their smiles during conversations were classified as Duchenne or non-Duchenne. Participants’ altruistic dispositions were measured before the conversation began using an anonymous prisoner’s dilemma game. RESULTS: The results of our linear regression analyses support previous findings that individual’s Duchenne smiles and their own cooperative behavior are positively correlated. However, when we controlled for altruistic cooperativeness, Duchenne smiles no longer correlated with cooperative behavior. The results of the mediation analyses showed that Duchenne smiles and smile synchrony did not mediate the predictive relationship between altruistic cooperativeness and cooperative behavior. DISCUSSION: Our results suggest that human cooperative behavior may be predetermined by altruistic cooperativeness. This calls for the reconsideration of the Duchenne smile as an underlying behavioral mechanism that is effective for signaling altruistic cooperative intent.
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spelling pubmed-104774602023-09-06 Unravelling the relation between altruistic cooperativeness trait, smiles, and cooperation: a mediation analysis Deng, Xiaoqi Hosseini, Sarinasadat Miyake, Yoshihiro Nozawa, Takayuki Front Psychol Psychology INTRODUCTION: Human cooperativeness is an important personality trait. However, the mechanism through which people cooperate remains unclear. Previous research suggests that one of the proposed functions of smiling is to advertise altruistic dispositions, leading to successful cooperation. In particular, studies have reported that Duchenne smiles are honest signals of cooperative intent because they are not easy to produce voluntarily. This study aimed to examine the predictive relationships among altruistic cooperativeness traits, Duchenne smiles, and cooperative behavior. METHODS: A total of 90 people were randomly assigned to dyads and filmed while they participated in a ten-minute, unstructured conversation followed by a prisoner’s dilemma game to measure their cooperative behaviors. Their smiles during conversations were classified as Duchenne or non-Duchenne. Participants’ altruistic dispositions were measured before the conversation began using an anonymous prisoner’s dilemma game. RESULTS: The results of our linear regression analyses support previous findings that individual’s Duchenne smiles and their own cooperative behavior are positively correlated. However, when we controlled for altruistic cooperativeness, Duchenne smiles no longer correlated with cooperative behavior. The results of the mediation analyses showed that Duchenne smiles and smile synchrony did not mediate the predictive relationship between altruistic cooperativeness and cooperative behavior. DISCUSSION: Our results suggest that human cooperative behavior may be predetermined by altruistic cooperativeness. This calls for the reconsideration of the Duchenne smile as an underlying behavioral mechanism that is effective for signaling altruistic cooperative intent. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-08-22 /pmc/articles/PMC10477460/ /pubmed/37674753 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1227266 Text en Copyright © 2023 Deng, Hosseini, Miyake and Nozawa. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Psychology
Deng, Xiaoqi
Hosseini, Sarinasadat
Miyake, Yoshihiro
Nozawa, Takayuki
Unravelling the relation between altruistic cooperativeness trait, smiles, and cooperation: a mediation analysis
title Unravelling the relation between altruistic cooperativeness trait, smiles, and cooperation: a mediation analysis
title_full Unravelling the relation between altruistic cooperativeness trait, smiles, and cooperation: a mediation analysis
title_fullStr Unravelling the relation between altruistic cooperativeness trait, smiles, and cooperation: a mediation analysis
title_full_unstemmed Unravelling the relation between altruistic cooperativeness trait, smiles, and cooperation: a mediation analysis
title_short Unravelling the relation between altruistic cooperativeness trait, smiles, and cooperation: a mediation analysis
title_sort unravelling the relation between altruistic cooperativeness trait, smiles, and cooperation: a mediation analysis
topic Psychology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10477460/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37674753
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1227266
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