Corneal Perforation in a Patient Treated with Atezolizumab-Bevacizumab Combination Therapy for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Patient: Male, 69-year-old Final Diagnosis: Corneal perforation Symptoms: Decrease of vision Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Ophthalmology OBJECTIVE: Rare disease BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), or its ligand PD-L1, are the mainstay treatment for several metastatic malignant conditions. ICIs are associated with multiple toxic adverse events affecting various organs, known collectively as immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Dry eye, uveitis, ocular myasthenia, and cicatrizing conjunctivitis are well-recognized ocular irAEs associated with ICIs. CASE REPORT: We present a case of 69-year-old man who presented with paracentral, punch-out corneal perforation in the left eye, associated with bilateral severe ocular surface disease 3 weeks after receiving the second dose of atezolizumab-bevacizumab combination therapy for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Corneal gluing using cyanoacrylate glue was performed along with bandage contact lens application and temporary tarsorrhaphy to seal the corneal perforation and improve the ocular surface. On the subsequent follow-ups, the corneal glue was unstable and dislodged. Thus, penetrating keratoplasty was performed to salvage the globe along with holding the combination therapy. At the 8-month follow-up, the graft remained clear, and the ocular surface improved substantially in both eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Ocular irAEs associated with immune-modulating agents can lead to vision-threatening complications. Therefore, communications between oncologists and ophthalmologists in a multidisciplinary team would be of utmost importance for early detection and timely management of any ocular-related adverse events associated with the use of immunotherapy agents.