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Population health impact, cost-effectiveness, and affordability of community-based HIV treatment and monitoring in South Africa: A health economics modelling study

Community-based delivery and monitoring of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV has the potential to increase viral suppression for individual- and population-level health benefits. However, the cost-effectiveness and budget impact are needed for public health policy. We used a mathematical model of...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Sahu, Maitreyi, Bayer, Cara J., Roberts, D. Allen, van Rooyen, Heidi, van Heerden, Alastair, Shahmanesh, Maryam, Asiimwe, Stephen, Sausi, Kombi, Sithole, Nsika, Ying, Roger, Rao, Darcy W., Krows, Meighan L., Shapiro, Adrienne E., Baeten, Jared M., Celum, Connie, Revill, Paul, Barnabas, Ruanne V.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10479912/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37669249
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000610
Descripción
Sumario:Community-based delivery and monitoring of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV has the potential to increase viral suppression for individual- and population-level health benefits. However, the cost-effectiveness and budget impact are needed for public health policy. We used a mathematical model of HIV transmission in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, to estimate population prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) from 2020 to 2060 for two scenarios: 1) standard clinic-based HIV care and 2) five-yearly home testing campaigns with community ART for people not reached by clinic-based care. We parameterised model scenarios using observed community-based ART efficacy. Using a health system perspective, we evaluated incremental cost-effectiveness and net health benefits using a threshold of $750/DALY averted. In a sensitivity analysis, we varied the discount rate; time horizon; costs for clinic and community ART, hospitalisation, and testing; and the proportion of the population receiving community ART. Uncertainty ranges (URs) were estimated across 25 best-fitting parameter sets. By 2060, community ART following home testing averted 27.9% (UR: 24.3–31.5) of incident HIV infections, 27.8% (26.8–28.8) of HIV-related deaths, and 18.7% (17.9–19.7) of DALYs compared to standard of care. Adolescent girls and young women aged 15–24 years experienced the greatest reduction in incident HIV (30.7%, 27.1–34.7). In the first five years (2020–2024), community ART required an additional $44.9 million (35.8–50.1) annually, representing 14.3% (11.4–16.0) of the annual HIV budget. The cost per DALY averted was $102 (85–117) for community ART compared with standard of care. Providing six-monthly refills instead of quarterly refills further increased cost-effectiveness to $78.5 per DALY averted (62.9–92.8). Cost-effectiveness was robust to sensitivity analyses. In a high-prevalence setting, scale-up of decentralised ART dispensing and monitoring can provide large population health benefits and is cost-effective in preventing death and disability due to HIV.