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Population health impact, cost-effectiveness, and affordability of community-based HIV treatment and monitoring in South Africa: A health economics modelling study
Community-based delivery and monitoring of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV has the potential to increase viral suppression for individual- and population-level health benefits. However, the cost-effectiveness and budget impact are needed for public health policy. We used a mathematical model of...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10479912/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37669249 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000610 |
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author | Sahu, Maitreyi Bayer, Cara J. Roberts, D. Allen van Rooyen, Heidi van Heerden, Alastair Shahmanesh, Maryam Asiimwe, Stephen Sausi, Kombi Sithole, Nsika Ying, Roger Rao, Darcy W. Krows, Meighan L. Shapiro, Adrienne E. Baeten, Jared M. Celum, Connie Revill, Paul Barnabas, Ruanne V. |
author_facet | Sahu, Maitreyi Bayer, Cara J. Roberts, D. Allen van Rooyen, Heidi van Heerden, Alastair Shahmanesh, Maryam Asiimwe, Stephen Sausi, Kombi Sithole, Nsika Ying, Roger Rao, Darcy W. Krows, Meighan L. Shapiro, Adrienne E. Baeten, Jared M. Celum, Connie Revill, Paul Barnabas, Ruanne V. |
author_sort | Sahu, Maitreyi |
collection | PubMed |
description | Community-based delivery and monitoring of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV has the potential to increase viral suppression for individual- and population-level health benefits. However, the cost-effectiveness and budget impact are needed for public health policy. We used a mathematical model of HIV transmission in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, to estimate population prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) from 2020 to 2060 for two scenarios: 1) standard clinic-based HIV care and 2) five-yearly home testing campaigns with community ART for people not reached by clinic-based care. We parameterised model scenarios using observed community-based ART efficacy. Using a health system perspective, we evaluated incremental cost-effectiveness and net health benefits using a threshold of $750/DALY averted. In a sensitivity analysis, we varied the discount rate; time horizon; costs for clinic and community ART, hospitalisation, and testing; and the proportion of the population receiving community ART. Uncertainty ranges (URs) were estimated across 25 best-fitting parameter sets. By 2060, community ART following home testing averted 27.9% (UR: 24.3–31.5) of incident HIV infections, 27.8% (26.8–28.8) of HIV-related deaths, and 18.7% (17.9–19.7) of DALYs compared to standard of care. Adolescent girls and young women aged 15–24 years experienced the greatest reduction in incident HIV (30.7%, 27.1–34.7). In the first five years (2020–2024), community ART required an additional $44.9 million (35.8–50.1) annually, representing 14.3% (11.4–16.0) of the annual HIV budget. The cost per DALY averted was $102 (85–117) for community ART compared with standard of care. Providing six-monthly refills instead of quarterly refills further increased cost-effectiveness to $78.5 per DALY averted (62.9–92.8). Cost-effectiveness was robust to sensitivity analyses. In a high-prevalence setting, scale-up of decentralised ART dispensing and monitoring can provide large population health benefits and is cost-effective in preventing death and disability due to HIV. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10479912 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-104799122023-09-06 Population health impact, cost-effectiveness, and affordability of community-based HIV treatment and monitoring in South Africa: A health economics modelling study Sahu, Maitreyi Bayer, Cara J. Roberts, D. Allen van Rooyen, Heidi van Heerden, Alastair Shahmanesh, Maryam Asiimwe, Stephen Sausi, Kombi Sithole, Nsika Ying, Roger Rao, Darcy W. Krows, Meighan L. Shapiro, Adrienne E. Baeten, Jared M. Celum, Connie Revill, Paul Barnabas, Ruanne V. PLOS Glob Public Health Research Article Community-based delivery and monitoring of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV has the potential to increase viral suppression for individual- and population-level health benefits. However, the cost-effectiveness and budget impact are needed for public health policy. We used a mathematical model of HIV transmission in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, to estimate population prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) from 2020 to 2060 for two scenarios: 1) standard clinic-based HIV care and 2) five-yearly home testing campaigns with community ART for people not reached by clinic-based care. We parameterised model scenarios using observed community-based ART efficacy. Using a health system perspective, we evaluated incremental cost-effectiveness and net health benefits using a threshold of $750/DALY averted. In a sensitivity analysis, we varied the discount rate; time horizon; costs for clinic and community ART, hospitalisation, and testing; and the proportion of the population receiving community ART. Uncertainty ranges (URs) were estimated across 25 best-fitting parameter sets. By 2060, community ART following home testing averted 27.9% (UR: 24.3–31.5) of incident HIV infections, 27.8% (26.8–28.8) of HIV-related deaths, and 18.7% (17.9–19.7) of DALYs compared to standard of care. Adolescent girls and young women aged 15–24 years experienced the greatest reduction in incident HIV (30.7%, 27.1–34.7). In the first five years (2020–2024), community ART required an additional $44.9 million (35.8–50.1) annually, representing 14.3% (11.4–16.0) of the annual HIV budget. The cost per DALY averted was $102 (85–117) for community ART compared with standard of care. Providing six-monthly refills instead of quarterly refills further increased cost-effectiveness to $78.5 per DALY averted (62.9–92.8). Cost-effectiveness was robust to sensitivity analyses. In a high-prevalence setting, scale-up of decentralised ART dispensing and monitoring can provide large population health benefits and is cost-effective in preventing death and disability due to HIV. Public Library of Science 2023-09-05 /pmc/articles/PMC10479912/ /pubmed/37669249 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000610 Text en © 2023 Sahu et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Sahu, Maitreyi Bayer, Cara J. Roberts, D. Allen van Rooyen, Heidi van Heerden, Alastair Shahmanesh, Maryam Asiimwe, Stephen Sausi, Kombi Sithole, Nsika Ying, Roger Rao, Darcy W. Krows, Meighan L. Shapiro, Adrienne E. Baeten, Jared M. Celum, Connie Revill, Paul Barnabas, Ruanne V. Population health impact, cost-effectiveness, and affordability of community-based HIV treatment and monitoring in South Africa: A health economics modelling study |
title | Population health impact, cost-effectiveness, and affordability of community-based HIV treatment and monitoring in South Africa: A health economics modelling study |
title_full | Population health impact, cost-effectiveness, and affordability of community-based HIV treatment and monitoring in South Africa: A health economics modelling study |
title_fullStr | Population health impact, cost-effectiveness, and affordability of community-based HIV treatment and monitoring in South Africa: A health economics modelling study |
title_full_unstemmed | Population health impact, cost-effectiveness, and affordability of community-based HIV treatment and monitoring in South Africa: A health economics modelling study |
title_short | Population health impact, cost-effectiveness, and affordability of community-based HIV treatment and monitoring in South Africa: A health economics modelling study |
title_sort | population health impact, cost-effectiveness, and affordability of community-based hiv treatment and monitoring in south africa: a health economics modelling study |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10479912/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37669249 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000610 |
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