Colo-renal Fistula in a Patient With Refractory Anemia and Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Although rare, colo-renal fistulas pose diagnostic challenges due to their varied presentations and etiologies. Here, we present a unique case of a woman with recurrent pyelonephritis, severe anemia, and unintended weight loss, who was eventually diagnosed with a colo-renal fistula. Delayed imaging following intraoperative fluoroscopy revealed the abnormal connection between the colon and upper urinary tract. The patient underwent nephrectomy and colon resection. This case report emphasizes the need for suspicion in diagnosing such fistulas and highlights their varied management. This case adds to the literature by illustrating an unusual presentation and underscores the complexity of diagnosis and treatment.