Estimating peak breeding season, size at first maturity and variation in fecundity and egg-size at different sizes of Hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha)

Hilsa shad, Tenualosa ilisha, has recently gained momentum due to its taste, nutrition and demand. Imposing ban at peak breeding and setting up a minimum capture size are two of the most effective tools for conservation and management of any fish species. Although, Bangladesh government has been imposing ban on a particular time and set the minimum legal size, there is still contradictory information on these two issues. That is why, a study was carried out to determine peak season of breeding and first maturity of Hilsa collected across the natural habitats in Bangladesh. Variation in fecundity and egg-size at different sizes were also investigated. Peak breeding season was identified observing gonadosomatic index of female Hilsa all the year round. First maturity was estimated with Probit analysis. Based on the gonadosomatic index of gravid females, peak breeding season was identified as late October to early November in this study. However, another minor peak was found in February–March. The highest GSI value (12.1) was observed in October–November, which indicates the peak time of spawning. The size at maturity (M(50)) of female Hilsa was estimated as 31 cm total length. A significant variation was observed in egg sizes between the left and right lobes of the fish (t ((24)) = 2.42, p = 0.02), and between the parts of the same lobe (p = 0.03). However, fish length and weight had no effect on egg size(for egg-size vs. fish length, r = -0.009, p = 0.966; and for egg size vs. body weight, r = 0.132 and p = 0.530). The average egg count from left lobe and right lobe were recorded as 0.375 ± 0.16 million, 0.371 ± 0.17 million. Total fecundity was counted as 0.745 ± 0.33 million. A significant positive correlation was noticed between length, weight, and total fecundity (r = 0.7 for total fecundity vs. body weight; r = 0.6 for of total fecundity vs. length). No significant variation was observed in fecundity between the left and right lobe (p = 0.6) and among three parts of a lobe (p = 0.3). The size of eggs varied between two lobes and among different parts of a lobe. The eggs from middle part were bigger in size than the other parts. The findings of our study will help conserve and manage the natural population of Hilsa (T. ilisha) in Bangladesh and contribute to the wider scientific community.