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Arctic warming by abundant fine sea salt aerosols from blowing snow

The Arctic warms nearly four times faster than the global average, and aerosols play an increasingly important role in Arctic climate change. In the Arctic, sea salt is a major aerosol component in terms of mass concentration during winter and spring. However, the mechanisms of sea salt aerosol prod...

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Autores principales: Gong, Xianda, Zhang, Jiaoshi, Croft, Betty, Yang, Xin, Frey, Markus M., Bergner, Nora, Chang, Rachel Y.-W., Creamean, Jessie M., Kuang, Chongai, Martin, Randall V., Ranjithkumar, Ananth, Sedlacek, Arthur J., Uin, Janek, Willmes, Sascha, Zawadowicz, Maria A., Pierce, Jeffrey R., Shupe, Matthew D., Schmale, Julia, Wang, Jian
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10482690/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37692903
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41561-023-01254-8
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author Gong, Xianda
Zhang, Jiaoshi
Croft, Betty
Yang, Xin
Frey, Markus M.
Bergner, Nora
Chang, Rachel Y.-W.
Creamean, Jessie M.
Kuang, Chongai
Martin, Randall V.
Ranjithkumar, Ananth
Sedlacek, Arthur J.
Uin, Janek
Willmes, Sascha
Zawadowicz, Maria A.
Pierce, Jeffrey R.
Shupe, Matthew D.
Schmale, Julia
Wang, Jian
author_facet Gong, Xianda
Zhang, Jiaoshi
Croft, Betty
Yang, Xin
Frey, Markus M.
Bergner, Nora
Chang, Rachel Y.-W.
Creamean, Jessie M.
Kuang, Chongai
Martin, Randall V.
Ranjithkumar, Ananth
Sedlacek, Arthur J.
Uin, Janek
Willmes, Sascha
Zawadowicz, Maria A.
Pierce, Jeffrey R.
Shupe, Matthew D.
Schmale, Julia
Wang, Jian
author_sort Gong, Xianda
collection PubMed
description The Arctic warms nearly four times faster than the global average, and aerosols play an increasingly important role in Arctic climate change. In the Arctic, sea salt is a major aerosol component in terms of mass concentration during winter and spring. However, the mechanisms of sea salt aerosol production remain unclear. Sea salt aerosols are typically thought to be relatively large in size but low in number concentration, implying that their influence on cloud condensation nuclei population and cloud properties is generally minor. Here we present observational evidence of abundant sea salt aerosol production from blowing snow in the central Arctic. Blowing snow was observed more than 20% of the time from November to April. The sublimation of blowing snow generates high concentrations of fine-mode sea salt aerosol (diameter below 300 nm), enhancing cloud condensation nuclei concentrations up to tenfold above background levels. Using a global chemical transport model, we estimate that from November to April north of 70° N, sea salt aerosol produced from blowing snow accounts for about 27.6% of the total particle number, and the sea salt aerosol increases the longwave emissivity of clouds, leading to a calculated surface warming of +2.30 W m(−2) under cloudy sky conditions.
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spelling pubmed-104826902023-09-08 Arctic warming by abundant fine sea salt aerosols from blowing snow Gong, Xianda Zhang, Jiaoshi Croft, Betty Yang, Xin Frey, Markus M. Bergner, Nora Chang, Rachel Y.-W. Creamean, Jessie M. Kuang, Chongai Martin, Randall V. Ranjithkumar, Ananth Sedlacek, Arthur J. Uin, Janek Willmes, Sascha Zawadowicz, Maria A. Pierce, Jeffrey R. Shupe, Matthew D. Schmale, Julia Wang, Jian Nat Geosci Article The Arctic warms nearly four times faster than the global average, and aerosols play an increasingly important role in Arctic climate change. In the Arctic, sea salt is a major aerosol component in terms of mass concentration during winter and spring. However, the mechanisms of sea salt aerosol production remain unclear. Sea salt aerosols are typically thought to be relatively large in size but low in number concentration, implying that their influence on cloud condensation nuclei population and cloud properties is generally minor. Here we present observational evidence of abundant sea salt aerosol production from blowing snow in the central Arctic. Blowing snow was observed more than 20% of the time from November to April. The sublimation of blowing snow generates high concentrations of fine-mode sea salt aerosol (diameter below 300 nm), enhancing cloud condensation nuclei concentrations up to tenfold above background levels. Using a global chemical transport model, we estimate that from November to April north of 70° N, sea salt aerosol produced from blowing snow accounts for about 27.6% of the total particle number, and the sea salt aerosol increases the longwave emissivity of clouds, leading to a calculated surface warming of +2.30 W m(−2) under cloudy sky conditions. Nature Publishing Group UK 2023-09-04 2023 /pmc/articles/PMC10482690/ /pubmed/37692903 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41561-023-01254-8 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Gong, Xianda
Zhang, Jiaoshi
Croft, Betty
Yang, Xin
Frey, Markus M.
Bergner, Nora
Chang, Rachel Y.-W.
Creamean, Jessie M.
Kuang, Chongai
Martin, Randall V.
Ranjithkumar, Ananth
Sedlacek, Arthur J.
Uin, Janek
Willmes, Sascha
Zawadowicz, Maria A.
Pierce, Jeffrey R.
Shupe, Matthew D.
Schmale, Julia
Wang, Jian
Arctic warming by abundant fine sea salt aerosols from blowing snow
title Arctic warming by abundant fine sea salt aerosols from blowing snow
title_full Arctic warming by abundant fine sea salt aerosols from blowing snow
title_fullStr Arctic warming by abundant fine sea salt aerosols from blowing snow
title_full_unstemmed Arctic warming by abundant fine sea salt aerosols from blowing snow
title_short Arctic warming by abundant fine sea salt aerosols from blowing snow
title_sort arctic warming by abundant fine sea salt aerosols from blowing snow
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10482690/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37692903
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41561-023-01254-8
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