Prevalence of Electrolyte Imbalance in Patients With Acute Stroke: A Systematic Review

Electrolyte abnormalities are common in acute stroke patients and have a substantial impact on the course and prognosis of the disease. Electrolyte imbalances such as hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, and phosphate abnormalities are frequently seen in this patient population. The incidence, root causes, and medical ramifications of electrolyte abnormalities in acute stroke patients are investigated in this comprehensive study. According to our research, hyponatremia is the most prevalent electrolyte imbalance. The most common reason for hyponatremia in stroke patients is the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Higher mortality rates, longer hospital admissions, and less favorable functional outcomes are all linked to hyponatremia. Acute stroke patients also typically experience hypokalemia, which affects the severity of the stroke and the recovery of functional abilities. The review furthermore emphasizes the incidence and clinical consequences of hypercalcemia, hypomagnesemia, hypophosphatemia, and hypocalcemia in patients with acute stroke. The results highlight the significance of early electrolyte imbalance detection and treatment in acute stroke patients. To better comprehend therapeutic approaches, evaluate their influence on stroke outcomes, and analyze prognostic implications, more research is required.