Polimorfismos asociados a la caries dental en poblaciones pediátricas: una revisión sistemática

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been reported to play an important role in the etiology of dental caries. The aim of this research was, through a systematic review, to identify SNPs recently associated with dental caries in pediatric populations. We included studies performed in humans up to 18 years of age that evaluated the relationship between SNPs and dental caries from 2017 to 2022. Articles that covered other study variables were excluded. PubMed, ScienceDirect and Web of Science were used to search for information and the included articles were evaluated with one of the Joanna Briggs Institute's tools. Twenty-five articles were selected, 60% of which were given high methodological quality. A total of 10,743 research subjects, ranging in age from 20 months to 17 years, participated in the study. The SNPs considered risk factors were identified in the genes miRNA202, VDR, AMELX, TUFT1, KLK4, MBL2, ENAM, DEFB1, HLA-DRB1, TAS1R1, DSPP, RUNX2 and MMP13; those considered protective factors were identified in the genes MMP20, AMBN, MMP9, TIMP2, TNF-α, VDR, IL1B, ENAM and HLA-DRB1. This systematic review presents the genetic polymorphisms that are associated with the etiology of caries in children and adolescents, some of which act as risk factors and others as protective factors against the disease.