Catalyst characteristics of the composite catalyst of Ru–Sn and Pd for hydrogenation of terephthalic acid

1,4-Cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) is a premium polyester monomer. In this paper, a series of Ru– Sn/γ-Al(2)O(3) and Pd/γ-Al(2)O(3) bimetallic composite catalysts were prepared by the impregnation method. The effects of preparation conditions such as active components, preparation methods, and the ratio of Sn to Ru on the reaction activity of the catalysts were studied. The bimetallic composite catalysts show desirable properties including high surface area and high dispersion of active centers. Pd-based catalysts were found to be effective in the initial stage of benzene ring hydrogenation, while Ru-based catalysts were found effective in the subsequent stage of carboxyl group hydrogenation. The Ru–Sn bimetallic active center was predominantly located in the Ru-based catalysts. In addition, the effects of reaction parameters such as reaction temperature, pressure, and time on hydrogenation reactions were also examined. It was found that increasing reaction temperature had no significant effect on the conversion rate of PTA, but it did affect the yield of CHDM, initially increasing and then decreasing. Increasing the reaction pressure resulted in a gradual increase in the yield of CHDM, while the conversion rate of PTA remained unchanged. The composite catalyst with a Sn/Ru ratio of 0.5 demonstrated the best performance, achieving a CHDM conversion of 96.3% and a yield of 72.2%.