Septic shock due to Clostridium botulinum: a case report

BACKGROUND: Clostridium botulinum is an anaerobic, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that forms spores and the neurotoxin botulinum. It is best known for its toxin-induced flaccid paralytic disease, which is deadly without correct treatment. In this report, we show a completely different clinical course with fatal outcome. CASE PRESENTATION: A 37-year-old African man born in Sierra Leone was admitted. After admission, his condition rapidly worsened due to severe septic shock and progressive multiorgan failure. No neurological signs were seen. Despite treatment with antibiotics, fluid resuscitation, and norepinephrine, the multiorgan failure deteriorated further and he died as a result. Blood and synovial fluid cultures showed Clostridium botulinum. No botulinum toxins were found. CONCLUSION: This is a rare case of fatal septic shock due to Clostridium botulinum-induced septic arthritis without any sign of the classic clinical syndrome of botulism.