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Cancer Vaccine Therapeutics: Limitations and Effectiveness—A Literature Review

In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in tumor microenvironment-associated cancer vaccine therapies. These innovative treatments aim to activate and enhance the body’s natural immune response against cancer cells by utilizing specific antigens present in the tumor microenvironment. The...

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Autores principales: Kaczmarek, Mariusz, Poznańska, Justyna, Fechner, Filip, Michalska, Natasza, Paszkowska, Sara, Napierała, Adrianna, Mackiewicz, Andrzej
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10486481/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37681891
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12172159
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author Kaczmarek, Mariusz
Poznańska, Justyna
Fechner, Filip
Michalska, Natasza
Paszkowska, Sara
Napierała, Adrianna
Mackiewicz, Andrzej
author_facet Kaczmarek, Mariusz
Poznańska, Justyna
Fechner, Filip
Michalska, Natasza
Paszkowska, Sara
Napierała, Adrianna
Mackiewicz, Andrzej
author_sort Kaczmarek, Mariusz
collection PubMed
description In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in tumor microenvironment-associated cancer vaccine therapies. These innovative treatments aim to activate and enhance the body’s natural immune response against cancer cells by utilizing specific antigens present in the tumor microenvironment. The goal is to achieve a complete clinical response, where all measurable cancer cells are either eliminated or greatly reduced in size. With their potential to revolutionize cancer treatment, these therapies represent a promising avenue for researchers and clinicians alike. Despite over 100 years of research, the success of therapeutic cancer vaccines has been variable, particularly in advanced cancer patients, with various limitations, including the heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment, the presence of immunosuppressive cells, and the potential for tumor escape mechanisms. Additionally, the effectiveness of these therapies may be limited by the variability of the patient’s immune system response and the difficulty in identifying appropriate antigens for each patient. Despite these challenges, tumor microenvironment-targeted vaccine cancer therapies have shown promising results in preclinical and clinical studies and have the potential to become a valuable addition to current cancer treatment and “curative” options. While chemotherapeutic and monoclonal antibody treatments remain popular, ongoing research is needed to optimize the design and delivery of these therapies and to identify biomarkers that can predict response and guide patient selection. This comprehensive review explores the mechanisms of cancer vaccines, various delivery methods, and the role of adjuvants in improving treatment outcomes. It also discusses the historical background of cancer vaccine research and examines the current state of major cancer vaccination immunotherapies. Furthermore, the limitations and effectiveness of each vaccine type are analyzed, providing insights into the future of cancer vaccine development.
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spelling pubmed-104864812023-09-09 Cancer Vaccine Therapeutics: Limitations and Effectiveness—A Literature Review Kaczmarek, Mariusz Poznańska, Justyna Fechner, Filip Michalska, Natasza Paszkowska, Sara Napierała, Adrianna Mackiewicz, Andrzej Cells Review In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in tumor microenvironment-associated cancer vaccine therapies. These innovative treatments aim to activate and enhance the body’s natural immune response against cancer cells by utilizing specific antigens present in the tumor microenvironment. The goal is to achieve a complete clinical response, where all measurable cancer cells are either eliminated or greatly reduced in size. With their potential to revolutionize cancer treatment, these therapies represent a promising avenue for researchers and clinicians alike. Despite over 100 years of research, the success of therapeutic cancer vaccines has been variable, particularly in advanced cancer patients, with various limitations, including the heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment, the presence of immunosuppressive cells, and the potential for tumor escape mechanisms. Additionally, the effectiveness of these therapies may be limited by the variability of the patient’s immune system response and the difficulty in identifying appropriate antigens for each patient. Despite these challenges, tumor microenvironment-targeted vaccine cancer therapies have shown promising results in preclinical and clinical studies and have the potential to become a valuable addition to current cancer treatment and “curative” options. While chemotherapeutic and monoclonal antibody treatments remain popular, ongoing research is needed to optimize the design and delivery of these therapies and to identify biomarkers that can predict response and guide patient selection. This comprehensive review explores the mechanisms of cancer vaccines, various delivery methods, and the role of adjuvants in improving treatment outcomes. It also discusses the historical background of cancer vaccine research and examines the current state of major cancer vaccination immunotherapies. Furthermore, the limitations and effectiveness of each vaccine type are analyzed, providing insights into the future of cancer vaccine development. MDPI 2023-08-28 /pmc/articles/PMC10486481/ /pubmed/37681891 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12172159 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Kaczmarek, Mariusz
Poznańska, Justyna
Fechner, Filip
Michalska, Natasza
Paszkowska, Sara
Napierała, Adrianna
Mackiewicz, Andrzej
Cancer Vaccine Therapeutics: Limitations and Effectiveness—A Literature Review
title Cancer Vaccine Therapeutics: Limitations and Effectiveness—A Literature Review
title_full Cancer Vaccine Therapeutics: Limitations and Effectiveness—A Literature Review
title_fullStr Cancer Vaccine Therapeutics: Limitations and Effectiveness—A Literature Review
title_full_unstemmed Cancer Vaccine Therapeutics: Limitations and Effectiveness—A Literature Review
title_short Cancer Vaccine Therapeutics: Limitations and Effectiveness—A Literature Review
title_sort cancer vaccine therapeutics: limitations and effectiveness—a literature review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10486481/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37681891
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12172159
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