Downfield Proton MRSI at 3 Tesla: A Pilot Study in Human Brain Tumors

SIMPLE SUMMARY: This paper describes a new MR imaging technique known as downfield MR spectroscopic imaging (DF-MRSI) that has only recently been shown to be possible in the human brain on commonly available 3 Tesla MRI scanners. This is the first application of this methodology to human brain tumors. ABSTRACT: Purpose: To investigate the use of 3D downfield proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (DF-MRSI) for evaluation of tumor recurrence in patients with glioblastoma (GBM). Methods: Seven patients (4F, age range 44–65 and mean ± standard deviation 59.3 ± 7.5 years) with previously treated GBM were scanned using a recently developed 3D DF-MRSI sequence at 3T. Short TE 3D DF-MRSI and water reference 3D-MRSI scans were collected with a nominal spatial resolution of 0.7 cm(3). DF volume data in eight slices covered 12 cm of brain in the cranio-caudal axis. Data were analyzed using the ‘LCModel’ program and a basis set containing nine peaks ranging in frequency between 6.83 to 8.49 ppm. The DF8.18 (assigned to amides) and DF7.90 peaks were selected for the creation of metabolic images and statistical analysis. Longitudinal MR images and clinical history were used to classify brain lesions as either recurrent tumor or treatment effect, which may include necrosis. DF-MRSI data were compared between lesion groups (recurrent tumor, treatment effect) and normal-appearing brain. Results: Of the seven brain tumor patients, two were classified as having recurrent tumor and the rest were classified as treatment effect. Amide metabolite levels from recurrent tumor regions were significantly (p < 0.05) higher compared to both normal-appearing brain and treatment effect regions. Amide levels in lesion voxels classified as treatment effect were significantly lower than normal brain. Conclusions: 3D DF-MRSI in human brain tumors at 3T is feasible and was well tolerated by all patients enrolled in this preliminary study. Amide levels measured by 3D DF-MRSI were significantly different between treatment effect and tumor regrowth.