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How Managed Entry Agreements Influence the Patients’ Affordability to Biological Medicines—Bulgarian Example
Managed entry agreements are applied in almost all European countries in order to improve patients’ access to therapy. The current study aims to evaluate the changes in the affordability of biological medicines for patients in Bulgaria during 2019–2022. The study is a top-down macroeconomic analysis...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10486911/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37685461 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11172427 |
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author | Mitkova, Zornitsa Manev, Ivan Tachkov, Konstantin Boyadzhieva, Vladimira Stoilov, Nikolay Doneva, Miglena Petrova, Guenka |
author_facet | Mitkova, Zornitsa Manev, Ivan Tachkov, Konstantin Boyadzhieva, Vladimira Stoilov, Nikolay Doneva, Miglena Petrova, Guenka |
author_sort | Mitkova, Zornitsa |
collection | PubMed |
description | Managed entry agreements are applied in almost all European countries in order to improve patients’ access to therapy. The current study aims to evaluate the changes in the affordability of biological medicines for patients in Bulgaria during 2019–2022. The study is a top-down macroeconomic analysis of the key economic indicators and reimbursed costs of biologic therapies. Affordability was determined as the number of working hours needed to pay for monthly therapy. The average NHIF budget for pharmaceuticals increased significantly along with inflation in the healthcare sector. Bulgarian patients had to devote a large part of their income to buying medicines if a co-payment existed. The percentage of the monthly income of pensioners needed for therapy co-payment varied between 10% and 280%. The hours of work required to purchase a package of biologicals varied between 7 and 137 working hours. The global economic crisis has affected Bulgaria and led to worsening economic parameters. There are still no well-established practices to control public spending, as the measures taken to reduce the final cost of medicines mainly affect the pharmaceutical companies. This type of cost-containment policy provides an opportunity for innovative treatment with biologicals for patients with inflammatory diseases. Most of the therapies cost more than the patients’ monthly income. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10486911 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-104869112023-09-09 How Managed Entry Agreements Influence the Patients’ Affordability to Biological Medicines—Bulgarian Example Mitkova, Zornitsa Manev, Ivan Tachkov, Konstantin Boyadzhieva, Vladimira Stoilov, Nikolay Doneva, Miglena Petrova, Guenka Healthcare (Basel) Article Managed entry agreements are applied in almost all European countries in order to improve patients’ access to therapy. The current study aims to evaluate the changes in the affordability of biological medicines for patients in Bulgaria during 2019–2022. The study is a top-down macroeconomic analysis of the key economic indicators and reimbursed costs of biologic therapies. Affordability was determined as the number of working hours needed to pay for monthly therapy. The average NHIF budget for pharmaceuticals increased significantly along with inflation in the healthcare sector. Bulgarian patients had to devote a large part of their income to buying medicines if a co-payment existed. The percentage of the monthly income of pensioners needed for therapy co-payment varied between 10% and 280%. The hours of work required to purchase a package of biologicals varied between 7 and 137 working hours. The global economic crisis has affected Bulgaria and led to worsening economic parameters. There are still no well-established practices to control public spending, as the measures taken to reduce the final cost of medicines mainly affect the pharmaceutical companies. This type of cost-containment policy provides an opportunity for innovative treatment with biologicals for patients with inflammatory diseases. Most of the therapies cost more than the patients’ monthly income. MDPI 2023-08-30 /pmc/articles/PMC10486911/ /pubmed/37685461 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11172427 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Mitkova, Zornitsa Manev, Ivan Tachkov, Konstantin Boyadzhieva, Vladimira Stoilov, Nikolay Doneva, Miglena Petrova, Guenka How Managed Entry Agreements Influence the Patients’ Affordability to Biological Medicines—Bulgarian Example |
title | How Managed Entry Agreements Influence the Patients’ Affordability to Biological Medicines—Bulgarian Example |
title_full | How Managed Entry Agreements Influence the Patients’ Affordability to Biological Medicines—Bulgarian Example |
title_fullStr | How Managed Entry Agreements Influence the Patients’ Affordability to Biological Medicines—Bulgarian Example |
title_full_unstemmed | How Managed Entry Agreements Influence the Patients’ Affordability to Biological Medicines—Bulgarian Example |
title_short | How Managed Entry Agreements Influence the Patients’ Affordability to Biological Medicines—Bulgarian Example |
title_sort | how managed entry agreements influence the patients’ affordability to biological medicines—bulgarian example |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10486911/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37685461 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11172427 |
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