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The Impact of Co-Infections for Human Gammaherpesvirus Infection and Associated Pathologies

The two oncogenic human gammaherpesviruses Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) cause significant disease burden, particularly in immunosuppressed individuals. Both viruses display latent and lytic phases of their life cycle with different outcomes for their as...

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Autores principales: Chinna, Prishanta, Bratl, Katrin, Lambarey, Humaira, Blumenthal, Melissa J., Schäfer, Georgia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10487760/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37685871
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241713066
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author Chinna, Prishanta
Bratl, Katrin
Lambarey, Humaira
Blumenthal, Melissa J.
Schäfer, Georgia
author_facet Chinna, Prishanta
Bratl, Katrin
Lambarey, Humaira
Blumenthal, Melissa J.
Schäfer, Georgia
author_sort Chinna, Prishanta
collection PubMed
description The two oncogenic human gammaherpesviruses Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) cause significant disease burden, particularly in immunosuppressed individuals. Both viruses display latent and lytic phases of their life cycle with different outcomes for their associated pathologies. The high prevalence of infectious diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), particularly HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and more recently, COVID-19, as well as their associated inflammatory responses, could potentially impact either virus’ infectious course. However, acute or lytically active EBV and/or KSHV infections often present with symptoms mimicking these predominant diseases leading to misdiagnosis or underdiagnosis of oncogenic herpesvirus-associated pathologies. EBV and/or KSHV infections are generally acquired early in life and remain latent until lytic reactivation is triggered by various stimuli. This review summarizes known associations between infectious agents prevalent in SSA and underlying EBV and/or KSHV infection. While presenting an overview of both viruses’ biphasic life cycles, this review aims to highlight the importance of co-infections in the correct identification of risk factors for and diagnoses of EBV- and/or KSHV-associated pathologies, particularly in SSA, where both oncogenic herpesviruses as well as other infectious agents are highly pervasive and can lead to substantial morbidity and mortality.
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spelling pubmed-104877602023-09-09 The Impact of Co-Infections for Human Gammaherpesvirus Infection and Associated Pathologies Chinna, Prishanta Bratl, Katrin Lambarey, Humaira Blumenthal, Melissa J. Schäfer, Georgia Int J Mol Sci Review The two oncogenic human gammaherpesviruses Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) cause significant disease burden, particularly in immunosuppressed individuals. Both viruses display latent and lytic phases of their life cycle with different outcomes for their associated pathologies. The high prevalence of infectious diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), particularly HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and more recently, COVID-19, as well as their associated inflammatory responses, could potentially impact either virus’ infectious course. However, acute or lytically active EBV and/or KSHV infections often present with symptoms mimicking these predominant diseases leading to misdiagnosis or underdiagnosis of oncogenic herpesvirus-associated pathologies. EBV and/or KSHV infections are generally acquired early in life and remain latent until lytic reactivation is triggered by various stimuli. This review summarizes known associations between infectious agents prevalent in SSA and underlying EBV and/or KSHV infection. While presenting an overview of both viruses’ biphasic life cycles, this review aims to highlight the importance of co-infections in the correct identification of risk factors for and diagnoses of EBV- and/or KSHV-associated pathologies, particularly in SSA, where both oncogenic herpesviruses as well as other infectious agents are highly pervasive and can lead to substantial morbidity and mortality. MDPI 2023-08-22 /pmc/articles/PMC10487760/ /pubmed/37685871 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241713066 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Chinna, Prishanta
Bratl, Katrin
Lambarey, Humaira
Blumenthal, Melissa J.
Schäfer, Georgia
The Impact of Co-Infections for Human Gammaherpesvirus Infection and Associated Pathologies
title The Impact of Co-Infections for Human Gammaherpesvirus Infection and Associated Pathologies
title_full The Impact of Co-Infections for Human Gammaherpesvirus Infection and Associated Pathologies
title_fullStr The Impact of Co-Infections for Human Gammaherpesvirus Infection and Associated Pathologies
title_full_unstemmed The Impact of Co-Infections for Human Gammaherpesvirus Infection and Associated Pathologies
title_short The Impact of Co-Infections for Human Gammaherpesvirus Infection and Associated Pathologies
title_sort impact of co-infections for human gammaherpesvirus infection and associated pathologies
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10487760/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37685871
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241713066
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