Anterior Scleral Thickness and Other Dimensions in Nanophthalmos by Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography: A Comparative Study

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the ocular dimensions of the anterior and posterior segment, including the anterior scleral thickness (AST) in nanophthalmos compared to control eyes. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was carried out in two groups: 46 eyes of 28 patients with nanophthalmos, defined as axial length (AXL) < 20.5 mm, and 60 eyes of 30 controls paired by age and sex. The AST and ocular wall thickness (OWT) were measured by optical coherence tomography in the temporal and nasal quadrants at 1, 2, and 3 mm from the scleral spur. Also, the anterior chamber depth (ACD), white-to-white (WTW), lens thickness (LT), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), and retinal thickness (RT) were evaluated. Results: The mean AXL was 19.3 ± 1.5 mm in the nanophthalmos group and 23.9 ± 1.1 mm in the control group (p < 0.001). The OWT was thicker in all measurement points in nanophthalmos (p < 0.001). There were no differences in the AST measurements between groups, except for the AST1 and the AST3 in the nasal quadrant. ACD was shallower and LT was thicker in nanophthalmos, with WTW being larger in controls (p < 0.001). SFCT and RT were thicker in nanophthalmos compared to healthy individuals (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Significant anatomical differences are found in nanophthalmic eyes. They present a shallower ACD; thicker LT, OWT, choroid, and retina; and smaller WTW diameter—although no relevant differences in the AST were observed.