Is There an Association between Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and the Incidence of Chronic Low Back Pain?

Background: Preliminary research suggests post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a risk factor for chronic low back pain (CLBP). However, this literature displays some limitations. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between PTSD and the 10-year cumulative incidence of CLBP in adults from Germany. Methods: The present retrospective cohort study included adults diagnosed with PTSD in 1 of 1284 general practices in Germany in 2005–2020 (index date). Individuals without PTSD were matched to those with PTSD (1:1) using a propensity score based on age, sex, index year, duration of follow-up, and the mean number of consultations during follow-up. In patients without PTSD, the index date was a randomly selected visit date. Results: There were 60,664 patients included in the study. After adjusting for frequent comorbidities, there was a positive but non-significant association between PTSD and incident CLBP in the overall population (HR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.99–1.15). Nonetheless, the relationship between PTSD and CLBP was statistically significant in the age group >60 years (HR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.05–1.46). Conclusions: Conversely to previous research, PTSD was not associated with incident CLBP in this large German sample. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to corroborate these findings before drawing any firm conclusions.