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Recovery of Pure Lead-Tin Alloy from Recycling Spent Lead-Acid Batteries

Spent lead–acid batteries have become the primary raw material for global lead production. In the current lead refining process, the tin oxidizes to slag, making its recovery problematic and expensive. This paper aims to present an innovative method for the fire refining of lead, which enables the r...

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Autores principales: Malecha, Daniel, Małecki, Stanisław, Jarosz, Piotr, Kowalik, Remigiusz, Żabiński, Piotr
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10488961/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37687578
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16175882
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author Malecha, Daniel
Małecki, Stanisław
Jarosz, Piotr
Kowalik, Remigiusz
Żabiński, Piotr
author_facet Malecha, Daniel
Małecki, Stanisław
Jarosz, Piotr
Kowalik, Remigiusz
Żabiński, Piotr
author_sort Malecha, Daniel
collection PubMed
description Spent lead–acid batteries have become the primary raw material for global lead production. In the current lead refining process, the tin oxidizes to slag, making its recovery problematic and expensive. This paper aims to present an innovative method for the fire refining of lead, which enables the retention of tin contained in lead from recycled lead–acid batteries. The proposed method uses aluminium scrap to remove impurities from the lead, virtually leaving all of the tin in it. The results of the conducted experiments indicate the high efficiency of the proposed method, which obtained a pure Pb-Sn alloy. This alloy is an ideal base material for the production of battery grids. This research was carried out on an industrial scale, which confirms the possibility of facile implementation of the method in almost every lead–acid battery recycling plant in the world.
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spelling pubmed-104889612023-09-09 Recovery of Pure Lead-Tin Alloy from Recycling Spent Lead-Acid Batteries Malecha, Daniel Małecki, Stanisław Jarosz, Piotr Kowalik, Remigiusz Żabiński, Piotr Materials (Basel) Article Spent lead–acid batteries have become the primary raw material for global lead production. In the current lead refining process, the tin oxidizes to slag, making its recovery problematic and expensive. This paper aims to present an innovative method for the fire refining of lead, which enables the retention of tin contained in lead from recycled lead–acid batteries. The proposed method uses aluminium scrap to remove impurities from the lead, virtually leaving all of the tin in it. The results of the conducted experiments indicate the high efficiency of the proposed method, which obtained a pure Pb-Sn alloy. This alloy is an ideal base material for the production of battery grids. This research was carried out on an industrial scale, which confirms the possibility of facile implementation of the method in almost every lead–acid battery recycling plant in the world. MDPI 2023-08-28 /pmc/articles/PMC10488961/ /pubmed/37687578 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16175882 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Malecha, Daniel
Małecki, Stanisław
Jarosz, Piotr
Kowalik, Remigiusz
Żabiński, Piotr
Recovery of Pure Lead-Tin Alloy from Recycling Spent Lead-Acid Batteries
title Recovery of Pure Lead-Tin Alloy from Recycling Spent Lead-Acid Batteries
title_full Recovery of Pure Lead-Tin Alloy from Recycling Spent Lead-Acid Batteries
title_fullStr Recovery of Pure Lead-Tin Alloy from Recycling Spent Lead-Acid Batteries
title_full_unstemmed Recovery of Pure Lead-Tin Alloy from Recycling Spent Lead-Acid Batteries
title_short Recovery of Pure Lead-Tin Alloy from Recycling Spent Lead-Acid Batteries
title_sort recovery of pure lead-tin alloy from recycling spent lead-acid batteries
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10488961/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37687578
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16175882
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