Cargando…

The Content and Principle of the Rare Ginsenosides Produced from Gynostemma pentaphyllum after Heat Treatment

Ginsenoside Rg3, Rk1, and Rg5, rare ginsenosides from Panax ginseng, have many pharmacological effects, which have attracted extensive attention. They can be obtained through the heat treatment of Gynostemma pentaphyllum. In this study, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal gravity-differen...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Li, Xin-Can, Li, Fang-Fang, Pei, Wen-Jing, Yang, Jing, Gu, Yu-Long, Piao, Xiang-Lan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10490127/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37687242
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28176415
_version_ 1785103770235961344
author Li, Xin-Can
Li, Fang-Fang
Pei, Wen-Jing
Yang, Jing
Gu, Yu-Long
Piao, Xiang-Lan
author_facet Li, Xin-Can
Li, Fang-Fang
Pei, Wen-Jing
Yang, Jing
Gu, Yu-Long
Piao, Xiang-Lan
author_sort Li, Xin-Can
collection PubMed
description Ginsenoside Rg3, Rk1, and Rg5, rare ginsenosides from Panax ginseng, have many pharmacological effects, which have attracted extensive attention. They can be obtained through the heat treatment of Gynostemma pentaphyllum. In this study, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal gravity-differential thermal gravity (TG-DTG) were employed to investigate this process and the content change in ginsenosides was analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). SEM and TG-DTG were used to compare the changes in the ginsenosides before and after treatment. In SEM, the presence of hydrogen bond rearrangement was indicated by the observed deformation of vascular bundles and ducts. The before-and-after changes in the peak patterns and peaks values in TG-DTG indicated that the content of different kinds of compounds produced changes, which all revealed that the formation of new saponins before and after the heat treatment was due to the breakage or rearrangement of chemical bonds. Additionally, the deformation of vascular bundles and vessels indicated the presence of hydrogen bond rearrangement. The glycosidic bond at the 20 positions could be cleaved by ginsenoside Rb3 to form ginsenoside Rd, which, in turn, gave rise to ginsenoside Rg3(S) and Rg3(R). They were further dehydrated to form ginsenoside Rk1 and Rg5. This transformation process occurs in a weak acidic environment provided by G. pentaphyllum itself, without the involvement of endogenous enzymes. In addition, the LC-MS analysis results showed that the content of ginsenoside Rb3 decreased from 2.25 mg/g to 1.80 mg/g, while the contents of ginsenoside Rk1 and Rg5 increased from 0.08 and 0.01 mg/g to 3.36 and 3.35 mg/g, respectively. Ginsenoside Rg3(S) and Rg3(R) were almost not detected in G. pentaphyllum, and the contents of them increased to 0.035 and 0.23 mg/g after heat treatment. Therefore, the rare ginsenosides Rg3(S), Rg3(R), Rk1, and Rg5 can be obtained from G. pentaphyllum via heat treatment.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-10490127
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2023
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-104901272023-09-09 The Content and Principle of the Rare Ginsenosides Produced from Gynostemma pentaphyllum after Heat Treatment Li, Xin-Can Li, Fang-Fang Pei, Wen-Jing Yang, Jing Gu, Yu-Long Piao, Xiang-Lan Molecules Article Ginsenoside Rg3, Rk1, and Rg5, rare ginsenosides from Panax ginseng, have many pharmacological effects, which have attracted extensive attention. They can be obtained through the heat treatment of Gynostemma pentaphyllum. In this study, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal gravity-differential thermal gravity (TG-DTG) were employed to investigate this process and the content change in ginsenosides was analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). SEM and TG-DTG were used to compare the changes in the ginsenosides before and after treatment. In SEM, the presence of hydrogen bond rearrangement was indicated by the observed deformation of vascular bundles and ducts. The before-and-after changes in the peak patterns and peaks values in TG-DTG indicated that the content of different kinds of compounds produced changes, which all revealed that the formation of new saponins before and after the heat treatment was due to the breakage or rearrangement of chemical bonds. Additionally, the deformation of vascular bundles and vessels indicated the presence of hydrogen bond rearrangement. The glycosidic bond at the 20 positions could be cleaved by ginsenoside Rb3 to form ginsenoside Rd, which, in turn, gave rise to ginsenoside Rg3(S) and Rg3(R). They were further dehydrated to form ginsenoside Rk1 and Rg5. This transformation process occurs in a weak acidic environment provided by G. pentaphyllum itself, without the involvement of endogenous enzymes. In addition, the LC-MS analysis results showed that the content of ginsenoside Rb3 decreased from 2.25 mg/g to 1.80 mg/g, while the contents of ginsenoside Rk1 and Rg5 increased from 0.08 and 0.01 mg/g to 3.36 and 3.35 mg/g, respectively. Ginsenoside Rg3(S) and Rg3(R) were almost not detected in G. pentaphyllum, and the contents of them increased to 0.035 and 0.23 mg/g after heat treatment. Therefore, the rare ginsenosides Rg3(S), Rg3(R), Rk1, and Rg5 can be obtained from G. pentaphyllum via heat treatment. MDPI 2023-09-03 /pmc/articles/PMC10490127/ /pubmed/37687242 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28176415 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Li, Xin-Can
Li, Fang-Fang
Pei, Wen-Jing
Yang, Jing
Gu, Yu-Long
Piao, Xiang-Lan
The Content and Principle of the Rare Ginsenosides Produced from Gynostemma pentaphyllum after Heat Treatment
title The Content and Principle of the Rare Ginsenosides Produced from Gynostemma pentaphyllum after Heat Treatment
title_full The Content and Principle of the Rare Ginsenosides Produced from Gynostemma pentaphyllum after Heat Treatment
title_fullStr The Content and Principle of the Rare Ginsenosides Produced from Gynostemma pentaphyllum after Heat Treatment
title_full_unstemmed The Content and Principle of the Rare Ginsenosides Produced from Gynostemma pentaphyllum after Heat Treatment
title_short The Content and Principle of the Rare Ginsenosides Produced from Gynostemma pentaphyllum after Heat Treatment
title_sort content and principle of the rare ginsenosides produced from gynostemma pentaphyllum after heat treatment
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10490127/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37687242
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28176415
work_keys_str_mv AT lixincan thecontentandprincipleoftherareginsenosidesproducedfromgynostemmapentaphyllumafterheattreatment
AT lifangfang thecontentandprincipleoftherareginsenosidesproducedfromgynostemmapentaphyllumafterheattreatment
AT peiwenjing thecontentandprincipleoftherareginsenosidesproducedfromgynostemmapentaphyllumafterheattreatment
AT yangjing thecontentandprincipleoftherareginsenosidesproducedfromgynostemmapentaphyllumafterheattreatment
AT guyulong thecontentandprincipleoftherareginsenosidesproducedfromgynostemmapentaphyllumafterheattreatment
AT piaoxianglan thecontentandprincipleoftherareginsenosidesproducedfromgynostemmapentaphyllumafterheattreatment
AT lixincan contentandprincipleoftherareginsenosidesproducedfromgynostemmapentaphyllumafterheattreatment
AT lifangfang contentandprincipleoftherareginsenosidesproducedfromgynostemmapentaphyllumafterheattreatment
AT peiwenjing contentandprincipleoftherareginsenosidesproducedfromgynostemmapentaphyllumafterheattreatment
AT yangjing contentandprincipleoftherareginsenosidesproducedfromgynostemmapentaphyllumafterheattreatment
AT guyulong contentandprincipleoftherareginsenosidesproducedfromgynostemmapentaphyllumafterheattreatment
AT piaoxianglan contentandprincipleoftherareginsenosidesproducedfromgynostemmapentaphyllumafterheattreatment