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Influence of Enzymatically Hydrophobized Hemp Protein on Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Bio-Based Polyurethane and Epoxy Foams
Biomass fillers offer the possibility to modify the mechanical properties of foams, increasing their cost-effectiveness and reducing their carbon footprint. In this study, bio-based PU (soft, open cells for the automotive sector) and epoxy (EP, hard, closed cells for construction applications) compo...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10490182/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37688234 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15173608 |
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author | Ferreres, Guillem Pérez-Rafael, Sílvia Morena, Angela Gala Tzanov, Tzanko Gryshchuk, Liudmyla |
author_facet | Ferreres, Guillem Pérez-Rafael, Sílvia Morena, Angela Gala Tzanov, Tzanko Gryshchuk, Liudmyla |
author_sort | Ferreres, Guillem |
collection | PubMed |
description | Biomass fillers offer the possibility to modify the mechanical properties of foams, increasing their cost-effectiveness and reducing their carbon footprint. In this study, bio-based PU (soft, open cells for the automotive sector) and epoxy (EP, hard, closed cells for construction applications) composite foams were prepared by adding pristine and laccase-mediated lauryl gallate-hydrophobized hemp protein particles as filler (HP and HHP, respectively). The fillers were able to modify the density, the mechanical properties and the morphology of the PU and EP foams. The addition of HP filler increases the density of PU foams up to 100% and significantly increases the σ values by 40% and Emod values. On the other hand, the inclusion of the HHP as filler in PU foams mostly results in reduced density, by almost 30%, and reduced σ values in comparison with reference and HP-filled foams. Independently from filler concentration and type, the biomass increased the Emod values for all foams relative to the reference. In the case of the EP foams, the tests were only conducted for the foams filled with HHP due to the poor compatibility of HP with the EP matrix. HHP decreased the density, compressive strength and Emod values of the composites. For both foams, the fillers increased the size of the cells, while reducing the amount of open cells of PU foams and the amount of closed cells for EP foams. Finally, both types of foams filled with HHP reduced the moisture uptake by 80 and 45%, respectively, indicating the successful hydrophobization of the composites. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10490182 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-104901822023-09-09 Influence of Enzymatically Hydrophobized Hemp Protein on Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Bio-Based Polyurethane and Epoxy Foams Ferreres, Guillem Pérez-Rafael, Sílvia Morena, Angela Gala Tzanov, Tzanko Gryshchuk, Liudmyla Polymers (Basel) Article Biomass fillers offer the possibility to modify the mechanical properties of foams, increasing their cost-effectiveness and reducing their carbon footprint. In this study, bio-based PU (soft, open cells for the automotive sector) and epoxy (EP, hard, closed cells for construction applications) composite foams were prepared by adding pristine and laccase-mediated lauryl gallate-hydrophobized hemp protein particles as filler (HP and HHP, respectively). The fillers were able to modify the density, the mechanical properties and the morphology of the PU and EP foams. The addition of HP filler increases the density of PU foams up to 100% and significantly increases the σ values by 40% and Emod values. On the other hand, the inclusion of the HHP as filler in PU foams mostly results in reduced density, by almost 30%, and reduced σ values in comparison with reference and HP-filled foams. Independently from filler concentration and type, the biomass increased the Emod values for all foams relative to the reference. In the case of the EP foams, the tests were only conducted for the foams filled with HHP due to the poor compatibility of HP with the EP matrix. HHP decreased the density, compressive strength and Emod values of the composites. For both foams, the fillers increased the size of the cells, while reducing the amount of open cells of PU foams and the amount of closed cells for EP foams. Finally, both types of foams filled with HHP reduced the moisture uptake by 80 and 45%, respectively, indicating the successful hydrophobization of the composites. MDPI 2023-08-31 /pmc/articles/PMC10490182/ /pubmed/37688234 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15173608 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Ferreres, Guillem Pérez-Rafael, Sílvia Morena, Angela Gala Tzanov, Tzanko Gryshchuk, Liudmyla Influence of Enzymatically Hydrophobized Hemp Protein on Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Bio-Based Polyurethane and Epoxy Foams |
title | Influence of Enzymatically Hydrophobized Hemp Protein on Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Bio-Based Polyurethane and Epoxy Foams |
title_full | Influence of Enzymatically Hydrophobized Hemp Protein on Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Bio-Based Polyurethane and Epoxy Foams |
title_fullStr | Influence of Enzymatically Hydrophobized Hemp Protein on Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Bio-Based Polyurethane and Epoxy Foams |
title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Enzymatically Hydrophobized Hemp Protein on Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Bio-Based Polyurethane and Epoxy Foams |
title_short | Influence of Enzymatically Hydrophobized Hemp Protein on Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Bio-Based Polyurethane and Epoxy Foams |
title_sort | influence of enzymatically hydrophobized hemp protein on morphology and mechanical properties of bio-based polyurethane and epoxy foams |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10490182/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37688234 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15173608 |
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