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Saturated Cannabinoids: Update on Synthesis Strategies and Biological Studies of These Emerging Cannabinoid Analogs
Natural and non-natural hexahydrocannabinols (HHC) were first described in 1940 by Adam and in late 2021 arose on the drug market in the United States and in some European countries. A background on the discovery, synthesis, and pharmacology studies of hydrogenated and saturated cannabinoids is desc...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10490552/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37687263 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28176434 |
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author | Docampo-Palacios, Maite L. Ramirez, Giovanni A. Tesfatsion, Tesfay T. Okhovat, Alex Pittiglio, Monica Ray, Kyle P. Cruces, Westley |
author_facet | Docampo-Palacios, Maite L. Ramirez, Giovanni A. Tesfatsion, Tesfay T. Okhovat, Alex Pittiglio, Monica Ray, Kyle P. Cruces, Westley |
author_sort | Docampo-Palacios, Maite L. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Natural and non-natural hexahydrocannabinols (HHC) were first described in 1940 by Adam and in late 2021 arose on the drug market in the United States and in some European countries. A background on the discovery, synthesis, and pharmacology studies of hydrogenated and saturated cannabinoids is described. This is harmonized with a summary and comparison of the cannabinoid receptor affinities of various classical, hybrid, and non-classical saturated cannabinoids. A discussion of structure–activity relationships with the four different pharmacophores found in the cannabinoid scaffold is added to this review. According to laboratory studies in vitro, and in several animal species in vivo, HHC is reported to have broadly similar effects to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the main psychoactive substance in cannabis, as demonstrated both in vitro and in several animal species in vivo. However, the effects of HHC treatment have not been studied in humans, and thus a biological profile has not been established. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10490552 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-104905522023-09-09 Saturated Cannabinoids: Update on Synthesis Strategies and Biological Studies of These Emerging Cannabinoid Analogs Docampo-Palacios, Maite L. Ramirez, Giovanni A. Tesfatsion, Tesfay T. Okhovat, Alex Pittiglio, Monica Ray, Kyle P. Cruces, Westley Molecules Review Natural and non-natural hexahydrocannabinols (HHC) were first described in 1940 by Adam and in late 2021 arose on the drug market in the United States and in some European countries. A background on the discovery, synthesis, and pharmacology studies of hydrogenated and saturated cannabinoids is described. This is harmonized with a summary and comparison of the cannabinoid receptor affinities of various classical, hybrid, and non-classical saturated cannabinoids. A discussion of structure–activity relationships with the four different pharmacophores found in the cannabinoid scaffold is added to this review. According to laboratory studies in vitro, and in several animal species in vivo, HHC is reported to have broadly similar effects to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the main psychoactive substance in cannabis, as demonstrated both in vitro and in several animal species in vivo. However, the effects of HHC treatment have not been studied in humans, and thus a biological profile has not been established. MDPI 2023-09-04 /pmc/articles/PMC10490552/ /pubmed/37687263 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28176434 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Docampo-Palacios, Maite L. Ramirez, Giovanni A. Tesfatsion, Tesfay T. Okhovat, Alex Pittiglio, Monica Ray, Kyle P. Cruces, Westley Saturated Cannabinoids: Update on Synthesis Strategies and Biological Studies of These Emerging Cannabinoid Analogs |
title | Saturated Cannabinoids: Update on Synthesis Strategies and Biological Studies of These Emerging Cannabinoid Analogs |
title_full | Saturated Cannabinoids: Update on Synthesis Strategies and Biological Studies of These Emerging Cannabinoid Analogs |
title_fullStr | Saturated Cannabinoids: Update on Synthesis Strategies and Biological Studies of These Emerging Cannabinoid Analogs |
title_full_unstemmed | Saturated Cannabinoids: Update on Synthesis Strategies and Biological Studies of These Emerging Cannabinoid Analogs |
title_short | Saturated Cannabinoids: Update on Synthesis Strategies and Biological Studies of These Emerging Cannabinoid Analogs |
title_sort | saturated cannabinoids: update on synthesis strategies and biological studies of these emerging cannabinoid analogs |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10490552/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37687263 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28176434 |
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