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Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: An Emerging Viral Infection in India, Revisited and Lessons Learned

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a zoonotic disease caused by the CCHF virus. It was first recognized in 1944 in the Crimea region of the former Soviet Union and then was subsequently isolated in Congo, from a child with similar symptoms. Hence, the virus was termed the Crimean-Congo hemorr...

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Autores principales: Patel, Aadil A, Dalal, Yagnya D, Parikh, Amrita, Gandhi, Rajkamal, Shah, Anand
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cureus 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10492918/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37700947
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.43315
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author Patel, Aadil A
Dalal, Yagnya D
Parikh, Amrita
Gandhi, Rajkamal
Shah, Anand
author_facet Patel, Aadil A
Dalal, Yagnya D
Parikh, Amrita
Gandhi, Rajkamal
Shah, Anand
author_sort Patel, Aadil A
collection PubMed
description Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a zoonotic disease caused by the CCHF virus. It was first recognized in 1944 in the Crimea region of the former Soviet Union and then was subsequently isolated in Congo, from a child with similar symptoms. Hence, the virus was termed the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. CCHF is an emerging disease with more than 1000 human cases being reported every year from South-Eastern Europe and Western Asia. The disease is endemic in Africa, the Balkans, the Middle East, and Asia, with an estimated 10,000 to 15,000 CCHF infections each year. The geographic range of the CCHF virus is most extensive among the tick-borne viruses that infect humans. The first outbreak of CCHF in India was described in 2011 in the state of Gujarat with four cases being reported. Since then, there have been sporadic cases in India occurring in small clusters with community and nosocomial spread. Here, we describe three cases that were treated at a tertiary care teaching hospital in the Gujarat state of India. All of them had nonspecific symptoms of viremia initially, followed by rapid deterioration of the general condition. Two of the three patients died. Because of its resemblance with other hemorrhagic fevers, diagnosis of CCHF remains a challenge, especially in non-endemic areas. We aim to sensitize the readers to this emerging arboviral disease because the virus is highly infectious and carries high mortality, and hence, it is crucial to suspect and diagnose the index case at the earliest.
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spelling pubmed-104929182023-09-11 Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: An Emerging Viral Infection in India, Revisited and Lessons Learned Patel, Aadil A Dalal, Yagnya D Parikh, Amrita Gandhi, Rajkamal Shah, Anand Cureus Internal Medicine Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a zoonotic disease caused by the CCHF virus. It was first recognized in 1944 in the Crimea region of the former Soviet Union and then was subsequently isolated in Congo, from a child with similar symptoms. Hence, the virus was termed the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. CCHF is an emerging disease with more than 1000 human cases being reported every year from South-Eastern Europe and Western Asia. The disease is endemic in Africa, the Balkans, the Middle East, and Asia, with an estimated 10,000 to 15,000 CCHF infections each year. The geographic range of the CCHF virus is most extensive among the tick-borne viruses that infect humans. The first outbreak of CCHF in India was described in 2011 in the state of Gujarat with four cases being reported. Since then, there have been sporadic cases in India occurring in small clusters with community and nosocomial spread. Here, we describe three cases that were treated at a tertiary care teaching hospital in the Gujarat state of India. All of them had nonspecific symptoms of viremia initially, followed by rapid deterioration of the general condition. Two of the three patients died. Because of its resemblance with other hemorrhagic fevers, diagnosis of CCHF remains a challenge, especially in non-endemic areas. We aim to sensitize the readers to this emerging arboviral disease because the virus is highly infectious and carries high mortality, and hence, it is crucial to suspect and diagnose the index case at the earliest. Cureus 2023-08-10 /pmc/articles/PMC10492918/ /pubmed/37700947 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.43315 Text en Copyright © 2023, Patel et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Internal Medicine
Patel, Aadil A
Dalal, Yagnya D
Parikh, Amrita
Gandhi, Rajkamal
Shah, Anand
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: An Emerging Viral Infection in India, Revisited and Lessons Learned
title Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: An Emerging Viral Infection in India, Revisited and Lessons Learned
title_full Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: An Emerging Viral Infection in India, Revisited and Lessons Learned
title_fullStr Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: An Emerging Viral Infection in India, Revisited and Lessons Learned
title_full_unstemmed Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: An Emerging Viral Infection in India, Revisited and Lessons Learned
title_short Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: An Emerging Viral Infection in India, Revisited and Lessons Learned
title_sort crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever: an emerging viral infection in india, revisited and lessons learned
topic Internal Medicine
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10492918/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37700947
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.43315
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