Occurrence and dietary exposure assessment of heavy metals in baby foods in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Early childhood exposure to heavy metals like arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) through baby foods unfolds many concerns about their toxic effects on growth and health. In this study, occurrence and dietary intake of As, Cd, and Pb in stage 1 infant formula (0–6 months), stage 2 infant formu...

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Autores principales: Alharbi, Najla S., Akamsiei, Rawdah M., Almaiman, Lama A., AL‐Samti, Mostafa A., Al‐Mutairi, Hamad S., Al‐owais, Bandar S., Alkhalaf, Majid M., Bineid, Mohammed A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10494610/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37701205
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3485
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author Alharbi, Najla S.
Akamsiei, Rawdah M.
Almaiman, Lama A.
AL‐Samti, Mostafa A.
Al‐Mutairi, Hamad S.
Al‐owais, Bandar S.
Alkhalaf, Majid M.
Bineid, Mohammed A.
author_facet Alharbi, Najla S.
Akamsiei, Rawdah M.
Almaiman, Lama A.
AL‐Samti, Mostafa A.
Al‐Mutairi, Hamad S.
Al‐owais, Bandar S.
Alkhalaf, Majid M.
Bineid, Mohammed A.
author_sort Alharbi, Najla S.
collection PubMed
description Early childhood exposure to heavy metals like arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) through baby foods unfolds many concerns about their toxic effects on growth and health. In this study, occurrence and dietary intake of As, Cd, and Pb in stage 1 infant formula (0–6 months), stage 2 infant formula (7–12 months), cereal‐based meals, and biscuits were estimated. First, the levels of As, Cd, and Pb were determined with ICP‐MS, followed by the calculation of estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and hazard index (HI) for As and Cd, and margin of exposure (MoE) for Pb. Mean levels of As, Cd, and Pb were the highest in cereal‐based meals and biscuits as 15.5–11.1, 5.18–8.76, and 35.2–53.8 μg/kg, respectively. Newborns to 6 months old infants were estimated to be the highest exposed population to Cd and Pb (0.08 and 0.36 μg/kg bw/day), while infants aged 7–12 months old were exposed the highest to As. Based on the THQ, HI, and MoE findings, the current exposure levels from the selected baby foods to As, Cd, and Pb pose low potential chronic risks to both infant age groups. This research provides a roadmap for future investigations in chemical contaminants often detected in baby foods consumed regularly by Saudi infants.
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spelling pubmed-104946102023-09-12 Occurrence and dietary exposure assessment of heavy metals in baby foods in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Alharbi, Najla S. Akamsiei, Rawdah M. Almaiman, Lama A. AL‐Samti, Mostafa A. Al‐Mutairi, Hamad S. Al‐owais, Bandar S. Alkhalaf, Majid M. Bineid, Mohammed A. Food Sci Nutr Original Articles Early childhood exposure to heavy metals like arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) through baby foods unfolds many concerns about their toxic effects on growth and health. In this study, occurrence and dietary intake of As, Cd, and Pb in stage 1 infant formula (0–6 months), stage 2 infant formula (7–12 months), cereal‐based meals, and biscuits were estimated. First, the levels of As, Cd, and Pb were determined with ICP‐MS, followed by the calculation of estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and hazard index (HI) for As and Cd, and margin of exposure (MoE) for Pb. Mean levels of As, Cd, and Pb were the highest in cereal‐based meals and biscuits as 15.5–11.1, 5.18–8.76, and 35.2–53.8 μg/kg, respectively. Newborns to 6 months old infants were estimated to be the highest exposed population to Cd and Pb (0.08 and 0.36 μg/kg bw/day), while infants aged 7–12 months old were exposed the highest to As. Based on the THQ, HI, and MoE findings, the current exposure levels from the selected baby foods to As, Cd, and Pb pose low potential chronic risks to both infant age groups. This research provides a roadmap for future investigations in chemical contaminants often detected in baby foods consumed regularly by Saudi infants. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2023-06-08 /pmc/articles/PMC10494610/ /pubmed/37701205 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3485 Text en © 2023 The Authors. Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Articles
Alharbi, Najla S.
Akamsiei, Rawdah M.
Almaiman, Lama A.
AL‐Samti, Mostafa A.
Al‐Mutairi, Hamad S.
Al‐owais, Bandar S.
Alkhalaf, Majid M.
Bineid, Mohammed A.
Occurrence and dietary exposure assessment of heavy metals in baby foods in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
title Occurrence and dietary exposure assessment of heavy metals in baby foods in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
title_full Occurrence and dietary exposure assessment of heavy metals in baby foods in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
title_fullStr Occurrence and dietary exposure assessment of heavy metals in baby foods in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
title_full_unstemmed Occurrence and dietary exposure assessment of heavy metals in baby foods in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
title_short Occurrence and dietary exposure assessment of heavy metals in baby foods in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
title_sort occurrence and dietary exposure assessment of heavy metals in baby foods in the kingdom of saudi arabia
topic Original Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10494610/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37701205
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3485
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