Reading Vision in Adults With Early and Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration Under Mesopic and Photopic Conditions

PURPOSE: Reading is involved in various daily activities that operate under a wide range of luminance levels. Rod- and cone-mediated mesopic visual function is known to be impaired even in early/intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD). It remains unclear whether and to what extent mesopic reading is impaired in early/intermediate AMD. Here, we assessed differences in reading vision between photopic and mesopic conditions in early/intermediate AMD and compared their performance to those in older adults with normal macular health. METHODS: The study included 30 patients with early/intermediate AMD and 30 healthy controls. Reading performance was tested on the MNREAD iPad app under mesopic (2 cd/m(2) with a neural-density filter) and photopic (220 cd/m(2)) conditions. Four reading indices—maximum reading speed (MRS), critical print size (CPS), reading acuity (RA), and reading accessibility index (ACC)—were obtained from the MNREAD test, yielding a function representing reading speed versus print size. RESULTS: Compared to photopic conditions, patients with AMD and healthy controls both exhibited noticeable decreases in reading vision under mesopic conditions (P < 0.001) despite normal photopic visual acuity. This decrease was more pronounced in AMD even after adjusting for age (P < 0.001): Under mesopic conditions, MRS and ACC decreased by 8 words per minute and 0.1, respectively; CPS and RA were enlarged by 0.27 and 0.24 logMAR, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Reading vision deteriorates under mesopic conditions compared to photopic conditions in early/intermediate AMD and is accentuated compared to this difference in healthy controls. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: A mesopic reading test may provide a more sensitive and comprehensive assessment of a patient's reading impairment.