Construction of stemness gene score by bulk and single-cell transcriptome to characterize the prognosis of breast cancer

Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by significant differences in prognosis and therapy response. Numerous prognostic tools have been developed for breast cancer. Usually these tools are based on bulk RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) and ignore tumor heterogeneity. Consequently, the goal of this study was to construct a single-cell level tool for predicting the prognosis of BC patients. In this study, we constructed a stemness-risk gene score (SGS) model based on single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Patients were divided into two groups based on the median SGS. Patients with a high SGS scores had a significantly worse prognosis than those with a low SGS, and these groups exhibited differences in several tumor characteristics, such as immune infiltration, gene mutations, and copy number variants. Our results indicate that the SGS is a reliable tool for predicting prognosis and response to immunotherapy in BC patients.