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Real-space observation of ergodicity transitions in artificial spin ice
Ever since its introduction by Ludwig Boltzmann, the ergodic hypothesis became a cornerstone analytical concept of equilibrium thermodynamics and complex dynamic processes. Examples of its relevance range from modeling decision-making processes in brain science to economic predictions. In condensed...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10499874/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37704596 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41235-4 |
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author | Saccone, Michael Caravelli, Francesco Hofhuis, Kevin Dhuey, Scott Scholl, Andreas Nisoli, Cristiano Farhan, Alan |
author_facet | Saccone, Michael Caravelli, Francesco Hofhuis, Kevin Dhuey, Scott Scholl, Andreas Nisoli, Cristiano Farhan, Alan |
author_sort | Saccone, Michael |
collection | PubMed |
description | Ever since its introduction by Ludwig Boltzmann, the ergodic hypothesis became a cornerstone analytical concept of equilibrium thermodynamics and complex dynamic processes. Examples of its relevance range from modeling decision-making processes in brain science to economic predictions. In condensed matter physics, ergodicity remains a concept largely investigated via theoretical and computational models. Here, we demonstrate the direct real-space observation of ergodicity transitions in a vertex-frustrated artificial spin ice. Using synchrotron-based photoemission electron microscopy we record thermally-driven moment fluctuations as a function of temperature, allowing us to directly observe transitions between ergodicity-breaking dynamics to system freezing, standing in contrast to simple trends observed for the temperature-dependent vertex populations, all while the entropy features arise as a function of temperature. These results highlight how a geometrically frustrated system, with thermodynamics strictly adhering to local ice-rule constraints, runs back-and-forth through periods of ergodicity-breaking dynamics. Ergodicity breaking and the emergence of memory is important for emergent computation, particularly in physical reservoir computing. Our work serves as further evidence of how fundamental laws of thermodynamics can be experimentally explored via real-space imaging. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10499874 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-104998742023-09-15 Real-space observation of ergodicity transitions in artificial spin ice Saccone, Michael Caravelli, Francesco Hofhuis, Kevin Dhuey, Scott Scholl, Andreas Nisoli, Cristiano Farhan, Alan Nat Commun Article Ever since its introduction by Ludwig Boltzmann, the ergodic hypothesis became a cornerstone analytical concept of equilibrium thermodynamics and complex dynamic processes. Examples of its relevance range from modeling decision-making processes in brain science to economic predictions. In condensed matter physics, ergodicity remains a concept largely investigated via theoretical and computational models. Here, we demonstrate the direct real-space observation of ergodicity transitions in a vertex-frustrated artificial spin ice. Using synchrotron-based photoemission electron microscopy we record thermally-driven moment fluctuations as a function of temperature, allowing us to directly observe transitions between ergodicity-breaking dynamics to system freezing, standing in contrast to simple trends observed for the temperature-dependent vertex populations, all while the entropy features arise as a function of temperature. These results highlight how a geometrically frustrated system, with thermodynamics strictly adhering to local ice-rule constraints, runs back-and-forth through periods of ergodicity-breaking dynamics. Ergodicity breaking and the emergence of memory is important for emergent computation, particularly in physical reservoir computing. Our work serves as further evidence of how fundamental laws of thermodynamics can be experimentally explored via real-space imaging. Nature Publishing Group UK 2023-09-14 /pmc/articles/PMC10499874/ /pubmed/37704596 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41235-4 Text en © This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2023, corrected publication 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Saccone, Michael Caravelli, Francesco Hofhuis, Kevin Dhuey, Scott Scholl, Andreas Nisoli, Cristiano Farhan, Alan Real-space observation of ergodicity transitions in artificial spin ice |
title | Real-space observation of ergodicity transitions in artificial spin ice |
title_full | Real-space observation of ergodicity transitions in artificial spin ice |
title_fullStr | Real-space observation of ergodicity transitions in artificial spin ice |
title_full_unstemmed | Real-space observation of ergodicity transitions in artificial spin ice |
title_short | Real-space observation of ergodicity transitions in artificial spin ice |
title_sort | real-space observation of ergodicity transitions in artificial spin ice |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10499874/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37704596 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41235-4 |
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