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Vitamin D status in hospitalized COVID‑19 patients is associated with disease severity and IL-5 production

BACKGROUND: There are many studies on the relationship between vitamin D and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), while the results are matters of debate and the mechanisms remain unknown. The present study was performed to assess the impact of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels on the sever...

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Autores principales: Qiu, Yali, Bao, Wuping, Tian, Xue, Zhang, Yingying, Pan, Yilin, Xie, Guogang, Bao, Aihua, Yin, Dongning, Zhang, Min, Zhou, Yan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10500897/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37705107
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12985-023-02165-1
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author Qiu, Yali
Bao, Wuping
Tian, Xue
Zhang, Yingying
Pan, Yilin
Xie, Guogang
Bao, Aihua
Yin, Dongning
Zhang, Min
Zhou, Yan
author_facet Qiu, Yali
Bao, Wuping
Tian, Xue
Zhang, Yingying
Pan, Yilin
Xie, Guogang
Bao, Aihua
Yin, Dongning
Zhang, Min
Zhou, Yan
author_sort Qiu, Yali
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: There are many studies on the relationship between vitamin D and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), while the results are matters of debate and the mechanisms remain unknown. The present study was performed to assess the impact of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels on the severity of disease in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and identify potential mechanisms of 25(OH)D alterations. METHODS: A total of 399 hospitalized COVID-19 patients were recruited from three centers between December 19, 2022, and February 1, 2023. Medical history, laboratory examination, and radiologic data were retrospectively collected. The patients were divided into four groups based on disease severity. Serum 25(OH)D levels in the patients were determined by the electrochemiluminescence method and cytokines were detected by flow cytometry. The relationship between serum 25(OH)D status and the severity of COVID-19, and the correlation between 25(OH)D levels and cytokines in COVID-19 patients were assessed. RESULTS: Levels of 25(OH)D were significantly lower in the deceased group than in the other three groups (P < 0.05), and lower in the critical group than in the general group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the 25(OH)D levels between the general and severe groups (P > 0.05). The levels of 25(OH)D (odds ratio = 0.986, 95% confidence interval: 0.973–0.998, P = 0.024) and IL-5 (odds ratio = 1.239, 95% confidence interval: 1.104–1.391, P = 0.04) were independent risk factors for the severity of COVID-19 disease upon admission. Serum 25(OH)D levels were able to predict the mortality of patients with COVID-19, and the predictive value was even higher when combined with IL-5 levels and eosinophil (Eos) count. Circulating 25(OH)D status correlated negatively with the expression of IL-5 (r=-0.262, P < 0.001) and was positively linked with CD8(+) T cell counts (r=-0.121, P < 0.05) in patients with COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that the serum 25(OH)D status combined with IL-5 levels and Eos counts could be identified as a predictive factor for recognizing the risk of COVID-19 mortality. The serum 25(OH)D status in COVID-19 patients correlated negatively with the expression of IL-5. The potential mechanism for this relationship is worth further exploration.
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spelling pubmed-105008972023-09-15 Vitamin D status in hospitalized COVID‑19 patients is associated with disease severity and IL-5 production Qiu, Yali Bao, Wuping Tian, Xue Zhang, Yingying Pan, Yilin Xie, Guogang Bao, Aihua Yin, Dongning Zhang, Min Zhou, Yan Virol J Research BACKGROUND: There are many studies on the relationship between vitamin D and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), while the results are matters of debate and the mechanisms remain unknown. The present study was performed to assess the impact of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels on the severity of disease in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and identify potential mechanisms of 25(OH)D alterations. METHODS: A total of 399 hospitalized COVID-19 patients were recruited from three centers between December 19, 2022, and February 1, 2023. Medical history, laboratory examination, and radiologic data were retrospectively collected. The patients were divided into four groups based on disease severity. Serum 25(OH)D levels in the patients were determined by the electrochemiluminescence method and cytokines were detected by flow cytometry. The relationship between serum 25(OH)D status and the severity of COVID-19, and the correlation between 25(OH)D levels and cytokines in COVID-19 patients were assessed. RESULTS: Levels of 25(OH)D were significantly lower in the deceased group than in the other three groups (P < 0.05), and lower in the critical group than in the general group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the 25(OH)D levels between the general and severe groups (P > 0.05). The levels of 25(OH)D (odds ratio = 0.986, 95% confidence interval: 0.973–0.998, P = 0.024) and IL-5 (odds ratio = 1.239, 95% confidence interval: 1.104–1.391, P = 0.04) were independent risk factors for the severity of COVID-19 disease upon admission. Serum 25(OH)D levels were able to predict the mortality of patients with COVID-19, and the predictive value was even higher when combined with IL-5 levels and eosinophil (Eos) count. Circulating 25(OH)D status correlated negatively with the expression of IL-5 (r=-0.262, P < 0.001) and was positively linked with CD8(+) T cell counts (r=-0.121, P < 0.05) in patients with COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that the serum 25(OH)D status combined with IL-5 levels and Eos counts could be identified as a predictive factor for recognizing the risk of COVID-19 mortality. The serum 25(OH)D status in COVID-19 patients correlated negatively with the expression of IL-5. The potential mechanism for this relationship is worth further exploration. BioMed Central 2023-09-13 /pmc/articles/PMC10500897/ /pubmed/37705107 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12985-023-02165-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Qiu, Yali
Bao, Wuping
Tian, Xue
Zhang, Yingying
Pan, Yilin
Xie, Guogang
Bao, Aihua
Yin, Dongning
Zhang, Min
Zhou, Yan
Vitamin D status in hospitalized COVID‑19 patients is associated with disease severity and IL-5 production
title Vitamin D status in hospitalized COVID‑19 patients is associated with disease severity and IL-5 production
title_full Vitamin D status in hospitalized COVID‑19 patients is associated with disease severity and IL-5 production
title_fullStr Vitamin D status in hospitalized COVID‑19 patients is associated with disease severity and IL-5 production
title_full_unstemmed Vitamin D status in hospitalized COVID‑19 patients is associated with disease severity and IL-5 production
title_short Vitamin D status in hospitalized COVID‑19 patients is associated with disease severity and IL-5 production
title_sort vitamin d status in hospitalized covid‑19 patients is associated with disease severity and il-5 production
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10500897/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37705107
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12985-023-02165-1
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