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Unveiling the stealthy tactics: mycoplasma’s immune evasion strategies

Mycoplasmas, the smallest known self-replicating organisms, possess a simple structure, lack a cell wall, and have limited metabolic pathways. They are responsible for causing acute or chronic infections in humans and animals, with a significant number of species exhibiting pathogenicity. Although t...

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Autores principales: Wang, Jingyun, Liang, Keying, Chen, Li, Su, Xiaoling, Liao, Daoyong, Yu, Jianwei, He, Jun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10502178/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37719671
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1247182
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author Wang, Jingyun
Liang, Keying
Chen, Li
Su, Xiaoling
Liao, Daoyong
Yu, Jianwei
He, Jun
author_facet Wang, Jingyun
Liang, Keying
Chen, Li
Su, Xiaoling
Liao, Daoyong
Yu, Jianwei
He, Jun
author_sort Wang, Jingyun
collection PubMed
description Mycoplasmas, the smallest known self-replicating organisms, possess a simple structure, lack a cell wall, and have limited metabolic pathways. They are responsible for causing acute or chronic infections in humans and animals, with a significant number of species exhibiting pathogenicity. Although the innate and adaptive immune responses can effectively combat this pathogen, mycoplasmas are capable of persisting in the host, indicating that the immune system fails to eliminate them completely. Recent studies have shed light on the intricate and sophisticated defense mechanisms developed by mycoplasmas during their long-term co-evolution with the host. These evasion strategies encompass various tactics, including invasion, biofilm formation, and modulation of immune responses, such as inhibition of immune cell activity, suppression of immune cell function, and resistance against immune molecules. Additionally, antigen variation and molecular mimicry are also crucial immune evasion strategies. This review comprehensively summarizes the evasion mechanisms employed by mycoplasmas, providing valuable insights into the pathogenesis of mycoplasma infections.
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spelling pubmed-105021782023-09-16 Unveiling the stealthy tactics: mycoplasma’s immune evasion strategies Wang, Jingyun Liang, Keying Chen, Li Su, Xiaoling Liao, Daoyong Yu, Jianwei He, Jun Front Cell Infect Microbiol Cellular and Infection Microbiology Mycoplasmas, the smallest known self-replicating organisms, possess a simple structure, lack a cell wall, and have limited metabolic pathways. They are responsible for causing acute or chronic infections in humans and animals, with a significant number of species exhibiting pathogenicity. Although the innate and adaptive immune responses can effectively combat this pathogen, mycoplasmas are capable of persisting in the host, indicating that the immune system fails to eliminate them completely. Recent studies have shed light on the intricate and sophisticated defense mechanisms developed by mycoplasmas during their long-term co-evolution with the host. These evasion strategies encompass various tactics, including invasion, biofilm formation, and modulation of immune responses, such as inhibition of immune cell activity, suppression of immune cell function, and resistance against immune molecules. Additionally, antigen variation and molecular mimicry are also crucial immune evasion strategies. This review comprehensively summarizes the evasion mechanisms employed by mycoplasmas, providing valuable insights into the pathogenesis of mycoplasma infections. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-08-31 /pmc/articles/PMC10502178/ /pubmed/37719671 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1247182 Text en Copyright © 2023 Wang, Liang, Chen, Su, Liao, Yu and He https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cellular and Infection Microbiology
Wang, Jingyun
Liang, Keying
Chen, Li
Su, Xiaoling
Liao, Daoyong
Yu, Jianwei
He, Jun
Unveiling the stealthy tactics: mycoplasma’s immune evasion strategies
title Unveiling the stealthy tactics: mycoplasma’s immune evasion strategies
title_full Unveiling the stealthy tactics: mycoplasma’s immune evasion strategies
title_fullStr Unveiling the stealthy tactics: mycoplasma’s immune evasion strategies
title_full_unstemmed Unveiling the stealthy tactics: mycoplasma’s immune evasion strategies
title_short Unveiling the stealthy tactics: mycoplasma’s immune evasion strategies
title_sort unveiling the stealthy tactics: mycoplasma’s immune evasion strategies
topic Cellular and Infection Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10502178/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37719671
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1247182
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