Effect of diabetic foot ulcers and other risk factors on the prevalence of lower extremity amputation: A meta‐analysis

A meta‐analysis study was conducted to measure the consequence of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) and other risk factors (RFs) on the prevalence of lower extremity amputation (LEA). A comprehensive literature inspection till February 2023 was applied and 2765 interrelated studies were reviewed. Of the 32 chosen studies enclosed, 9934 subjects were in the chosen studies' starting point, and 2906 of them were with LEA. Odds ratio (OR) in addition to 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to compute the value of the effect of DFUs and other RFs on the prevalence of LEA by the continuous and dichotomous approaches and a fixed or random effect model. Male gender (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.17–1.44, P < .001), smoking (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.01–1.53, P = .04), previous foot ulcer (OR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.93–3.74, P < .001), osteomyelitis (OR, 3.87; 95% CI, 2.28–6.57, P < .001), gangrene (OR, 14.45; 95% CI, 7.03–29.72, P < .001), hypertension (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.03–1.33, P = .01), and white blood cells count (WBCC) (MD, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.37–2.74, P < .001) were significantly shown to be an RF in LEA in subjects with DFUs. Age (MD, 0.81; 95% CI, −0.75 to 2.37, P = .31), body mass index (MD, −0.55; 95% CI, −1.15 to 0.05, P = .07), diabetes mellitus type (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.63–1.56, P = .96), and glycated haemoglobin (MD, 0.33; 95% CI, −0.15 to 0.81, P = .17) were not shown to be an RF in LEA in subjects with DFUs. Male gender, smoking, previous foot ulcer, osteomyelitis, gangrene, hypertension, and WBCC were significantly shown to be an RF in LEA in subjects with DFUs. However, age and diabetes mellitus type were not shown to be RF in LEA in subjects with DFUs. However, caused of the small sample sizes of several chosen studies for this meta‐analysis, care must be exercised when dealing with its values.