A nomogram incorporating ileal and anastomotic lesions separately to predict the long-term outcome of Crohn’s disease after ileocolonic resection

BACKGROUND: The Rutgeerts score (RS) is widely used to predict postoperative recurrence after ileocolonic resection for Crohn’s disease (CD) based on the severity of lesions at the neoterminal ileum and anastomosis (RS i0–i4). However, the value of anastomotic ulcers remains controversial. OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to establish a nomogram model incorporating ileal and anastomotic lesions separately to predict the long-term outcomes of CD after ileal or ileocolonic resection. DESIGN: A total of 136 patients with CD were included in this retrospective cohort study. METHODS: Consecutive CD patients who underwent ileal or ileocolonic resections with postoperative ileocolonoscopy evaluation within 1 year after the surgery were included. The primary endpoint was postoperative clinical relapse (CR). An endoscopic classification separating ileal and anastomotic lesions was applied (Ix for neoterminal ileum lesions; Ax for anastomotic lesions). A nomogram was constructed to predict CR. The performance of the model was evaluated by the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve and decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS: CR was observed in 47.1% (n = 64) of patients within a median follow-up of 26.9 (interquartile range, 11.4–55.2) months. The risk of CR was significantly higher in patients with an RS ⩾ i2 assessed by the first postoperative endoscopy compared with patients with an RS ⩽ i1 (p < 0.001). Moreover, the cumulative rate of CR was significantly higher in patients with ileal lesions (I1–4) compared with patients without (I0) (p < 0.001). Besides, patients with anastomotic lesions (A1–3) had significantly higher rates of CR than patients without (A0) (p = 0.002). A nomogram, incorporating scores of postoperative ileal or anastomotic lesions, sex, L2-subtype and perianal disease, was established. The DCA analysis indicated that the nomogram had a higher benefit for CR, especially at the timeframe of 24–60 months after index endoscopy, compared to the traditional RS score. CONCLUSION: A nomogram incorporating postoperative ileal and anastomotic lesions separately was developed to predict CR in CD patients, which may serve as a practical tool to identify high-risk patients who need timely postoperative intervention.