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Adverse effects of early-life stress: focus on the rodent neuroendocrine system

Early-life stress is associated with a high prevalence of mental illnesses such as post-traumatic stress disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, and anxiety or depressive behavior, which constitute major public health problems. In the early stages of brain development aft...

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Autores principales: Lee, Seung Hyun, Jung, Eui-Man
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10503627/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37488887
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.377587
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author Lee, Seung Hyun
Jung, Eui-Man
author_facet Lee, Seung Hyun
Jung, Eui-Man
author_sort Lee, Seung Hyun
collection PubMed
description Early-life stress is associated with a high prevalence of mental illnesses such as post-traumatic stress disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, and anxiety or depressive behavior, which constitute major public health problems. In the early stages of brain development after birth, events such as synaptogenesis, neuron maturation, and glial differentiation occur in a highly orchestrated manner, and external stress can cause adverse long-term effects throughout life. Our body utilizes multifaceted mechanisms, including neuroendocrine and neurotransmitter signaling pathways, to appropriately process external stress. Newborn individuals first exposed to early-life stress deploy neurogenesis as a stress-defense mechanism; however, in adulthood, early-life stress induces apoptosis of mature neurons, activation of immune responses, and reduction of neurotrophic factors, leading to anxiety, depression, and cognitive and memory dysfunction. This process involves the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and neurotransmitters secreted by the central nervous system, including norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. The rodent early-life stress model is generally used to experimentally assess the effects of stress during neurodevelopment. This paper reviews the use of the early-life stress model and stress response mechanisms of the body and discusses the experimental results regarding how early-life stress mediates stress-related pathways at a high vulnerability of psychiatric disorder in adulthood.
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spelling pubmed-105036272023-09-16 Adverse effects of early-life stress: focus on the rodent neuroendocrine system Lee, Seung Hyun Jung, Eui-Man Neural Regen Res Review Early-life stress is associated with a high prevalence of mental illnesses such as post-traumatic stress disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, and anxiety or depressive behavior, which constitute major public health problems. In the early stages of brain development after birth, events such as synaptogenesis, neuron maturation, and glial differentiation occur in a highly orchestrated manner, and external stress can cause adverse long-term effects throughout life. Our body utilizes multifaceted mechanisms, including neuroendocrine and neurotransmitter signaling pathways, to appropriately process external stress. Newborn individuals first exposed to early-life stress deploy neurogenesis as a stress-defense mechanism; however, in adulthood, early-life stress induces apoptosis of mature neurons, activation of immune responses, and reduction of neurotrophic factors, leading to anxiety, depression, and cognitive and memory dysfunction. This process involves the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and neurotransmitters secreted by the central nervous system, including norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. The rodent early-life stress model is generally used to experimentally assess the effects of stress during neurodevelopment. This paper reviews the use of the early-life stress model and stress response mechanisms of the body and discusses the experimental results regarding how early-life stress mediates stress-related pathways at a high vulnerability of psychiatric disorder in adulthood. Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 2023-05-31 /pmc/articles/PMC10503627/ /pubmed/37488887 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.377587 Text en Copyright: © Neural Regeneration Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
spellingShingle Review
Lee, Seung Hyun
Jung, Eui-Man
Adverse effects of early-life stress: focus on the rodent neuroendocrine system
title Adverse effects of early-life stress: focus on the rodent neuroendocrine system
title_full Adverse effects of early-life stress: focus on the rodent neuroendocrine system
title_fullStr Adverse effects of early-life stress: focus on the rodent neuroendocrine system
title_full_unstemmed Adverse effects of early-life stress: focus on the rodent neuroendocrine system
title_short Adverse effects of early-life stress: focus on the rodent neuroendocrine system
title_sort adverse effects of early-life stress: focus on the rodent neuroendocrine system
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10503627/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37488887
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.377587
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