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Dairy and Plant-Based Milks: Implications for Nutrition and Planetary Health

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Dairy milk products are dominant in the market; however, plant-based milks are gaining prominence among USA consumers. Many questions remain about how plant-based milk products compare to dairy milk from a nutrition, public health, and planetary health perspective. Here, we compar...

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Autores principales: Ramsing, Rebecca, Santo, Raychel, Kim, Brent F., Altema-Johnson, Daphene, Wooden, Alyssa, Chang, Kenjin B., Semba, Richard D., Love, David C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer International Publishing 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10504201/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37300651
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40572-023-00400-z
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author Ramsing, Rebecca
Santo, Raychel
Kim, Brent F.
Altema-Johnson, Daphene
Wooden, Alyssa
Chang, Kenjin B.
Semba, Richard D.
Love, David C.
author_facet Ramsing, Rebecca
Santo, Raychel
Kim, Brent F.
Altema-Johnson, Daphene
Wooden, Alyssa
Chang, Kenjin B.
Semba, Richard D.
Love, David C.
author_sort Ramsing, Rebecca
collection PubMed
description PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Dairy milk products are dominant in the market; however, plant-based milks are gaining prominence among USA consumers. Many questions remain about how plant-based milk products compare to dairy milk from a nutrition, public health, and planetary health perspective. Here, we compare the retail sales, nutrient profiles, and known health and environmental impacts of the production and consumption of dairy and plant-based milks and identify knowledge gaps for future studies. For our plant-based milk comparisons, we reviewed almond, soy, oat, coconut, rice, pea, cashew, and other plant-based milks as data were available. RECENT FINDINGS: The retail unit price of plant-based milks was generally higher than that of cow’s milk, making it less accessible to lower-income groups. Many plant-based milks are fortified to match the micronutrient profile of dairy milk more closely. Notable differences remained, especially in protein, zinc, and potassium, depending on the base ingredient and individual product. Some plant-based milks contain added sugar to improve flavor. Plant-based milks were generally associated with lower environmental impacts (e.g., greenhouse gas emissions, water use) than cow’s milk, with the notable exception of the higher water footprint of almond milk. SUMMARY: This review of recent studies and consumer purchases confirmed that retail sales of plant-based milks are increasing and shifting among products. Further research is needed to better characterize the environmental impacts of newer plant-based milks, such as cashew, hemp, and pea milks; consumer attitudes and behavior towards plant-based milks; and the safety and potential health effects related to their long-term and more frequent consumption. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40572-023-00400-z.
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spelling pubmed-105042012023-09-17 Dairy and Plant-Based Milks: Implications for Nutrition and Planetary Health Ramsing, Rebecca Santo, Raychel Kim, Brent F. Altema-Johnson, Daphene Wooden, Alyssa Chang, Kenjin B. Semba, Richard D. Love, David C. Curr Environ Health Rep Article PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Dairy milk products are dominant in the market; however, plant-based milks are gaining prominence among USA consumers. Many questions remain about how plant-based milk products compare to dairy milk from a nutrition, public health, and planetary health perspective. Here, we compare the retail sales, nutrient profiles, and known health and environmental impacts of the production and consumption of dairy and plant-based milks and identify knowledge gaps for future studies. For our plant-based milk comparisons, we reviewed almond, soy, oat, coconut, rice, pea, cashew, and other plant-based milks as data were available. RECENT FINDINGS: The retail unit price of plant-based milks was generally higher than that of cow’s milk, making it less accessible to lower-income groups. Many plant-based milks are fortified to match the micronutrient profile of dairy milk more closely. Notable differences remained, especially in protein, zinc, and potassium, depending on the base ingredient and individual product. Some plant-based milks contain added sugar to improve flavor. Plant-based milks were generally associated with lower environmental impacts (e.g., greenhouse gas emissions, water use) than cow’s milk, with the notable exception of the higher water footprint of almond milk. SUMMARY: This review of recent studies and consumer purchases confirmed that retail sales of plant-based milks are increasing and shifting among products. Further research is needed to better characterize the environmental impacts of newer plant-based milks, such as cashew, hemp, and pea milks; consumer attitudes and behavior towards plant-based milks; and the safety and potential health effects related to their long-term and more frequent consumption. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40572-023-00400-z. Springer International Publishing 2023-06-10 2023 /pmc/articles/PMC10504201/ /pubmed/37300651 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40572-023-00400-z Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Ramsing, Rebecca
Santo, Raychel
Kim, Brent F.
Altema-Johnson, Daphene
Wooden, Alyssa
Chang, Kenjin B.
Semba, Richard D.
Love, David C.
Dairy and Plant-Based Milks: Implications for Nutrition and Planetary Health
title Dairy and Plant-Based Milks: Implications for Nutrition and Planetary Health
title_full Dairy and Plant-Based Milks: Implications for Nutrition and Planetary Health
title_fullStr Dairy and Plant-Based Milks: Implications for Nutrition and Planetary Health
title_full_unstemmed Dairy and Plant-Based Milks: Implications for Nutrition and Planetary Health
title_short Dairy and Plant-Based Milks: Implications for Nutrition and Planetary Health
title_sort dairy and plant-based milks: implications for nutrition and planetary health
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10504201/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37300651
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40572-023-00400-z
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