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Evaluating the attrition, fabric integrity and insecticidal durability of two dual active ingredient nets (Interceptor(®) G2 and Royal(®) Guard): methodology for a prospective study embedded in a cluster randomized controlled trial in Benin
BACKGROUND: Following the World Health Organization (WHO) endorsement of dual active ingredient (AI) nets, an increased uptake of pyrethroid-chlorfenapyr and pyrethroid-pyriproxyfen nets is expected. Studies evaluating their physical and insecticidal durability are essential for making programmatic...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10504698/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37716970 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-023-04708-x |
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author | Ngufor, Corine Fongnikin, Augustin Fagbohoun, Josias Agbevo, Abel Syme, Thomas Ahoga, Juniace Accrombessi, Manfred Protopopoff, Natacha Cook, Jackie Churcher, Thomas S. Padonou, Germain Gil Govoetchan, Renaud Akogbeto, Martin |
author_facet | Ngufor, Corine Fongnikin, Augustin Fagbohoun, Josias Agbevo, Abel Syme, Thomas Ahoga, Juniace Accrombessi, Manfred Protopopoff, Natacha Cook, Jackie Churcher, Thomas S. Padonou, Germain Gil Govoetchan, Renaud Akogbeto, Martin |
author_sort | Ngufor, Corine |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Following the World Health Organization (WHO) endorsement of dual active ingredient (AI) nets, an increased uptake of pyrethroid-chlorfenapyr and pyrethroid-pyriproxyfen nets is expected. Studies evaluating their physical and insecticidal durability are essential for making programmatic and procurement decisions. This paper describes the methodology for a prospective study to evaluate the attrition, fabric integrity, insecticidal durability of Interceptor(®) G2 (alpha-cypermethrin-chlorfenapyr) and Royal Guard(®) (alpha-cypermethrin-pyriproxyfen), compared to Interceptor(®) (alpha-cypermethrin), embedded in a 3-arm cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT) in the Zou Department of Benin. METHODS: Ten clusters randomly selected from each arm of the cRCT will be used for the study. A total of 750 ITNs per type will be followed in 5 study clusters per arm to assess ITN attrition and fabric integrity at 6-, 12-, 24- and 36-months post distribution, using standard WHO procedures. A second cohort of 1800 nets per type will be withdrawn every 6 months from all 10 clusters per arm and assessed for chemical content and biological activity in laboratory bioassays at each time point. Alpha-cypermethrin bioefficacy in Interceptor(®) and Royal Guard(®) will be monitored in WHO cone bioassays and tunnel tests using the susceptible Anopheles gambiae Kisumu strain. The bioefficacy of the non-pyrethroid insecticides (chlorfenapyr in Interceptor(®) G2 and pyriproxyfen in Royal Guard(®)) will be monitored using the pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles coluzzii Akron strain. Chlorfenapyr activity will be assessed in tunnel tests while pyriproxyfen activity will be assessed in cone bioassays in terms of the reduction in fertility of blood-fed survivors observed by dissecting mosquito ovaries. Nets withdrawn at 12, 24 and 36 months will be tested in experimental hut trials within the cRCT study area against wild free-flying pyrethroid resistant An. gambiae sensu lato to investigate their superiority to Interceptor(®) and to compare them to ITNs washed 20 times for experimental hut evaluation studies. Mechanistic models will also be used to investigate whether entomological outcomes with each dual ITN type in experimental hut trials can predict their epidemiological performance in the cRCT. CONCLUSION: This study will provide information on the durability of two dual AI nets (Interceptor(®) G2 and Royal Guard(®)) in Benin and will help identify suitable methods for monitoring the durability of their insecticidal activity under operational conditions. The modelling component will determine the capacity of experimental hut trials to predict the epidemiological performance of dual AI nets across their lifespan. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10504698 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-105046982023-09-17 Evaluating the attrition, fabric integrity and insecticidal durability of two dual active ingredient nets (Interceptor(®) G2 and Royal(®) Guard): methodology for a prospective study embedded in a cluster randomized controlled trial in Benin Ngufor, Corine Fongnikin, Augustin Fagbohoun, Josias Agbevo, Abel Syme, Thomas Ahoga, Juniace Accrombessi, Manfred Protopopoff, Natacha Cook, Jackie Churcher, Thomas S. Padonou, Germain Gil Govoetchan, Renaud Akogbeto, Martin Malar J Methodology BACKGROUND: Following the World Health Organization (WHO) endorsement of dual active ingredient (AI) nets, an increased uptake of pyrethroid-chlorfenapyr and pyrethroid-pyriproxyfen nets is expected. Studies evaluating their physical and insecticidal durability are essential for making programmatic and procurement decisions. This paper describes the methodology for a prospective study to evaluate the attrition, fabric integrity, insecticidal durability of Interceptor(®) G2 (alpha-cypermethrin-chlorfenapyr) and Royal Guard(®) (alpha-cypermethrin-pyriproxyfen), compared to Interceptor(®) (alpha-cypermethrin), embedded in a 3-arm cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT) in the Zou Department of Benin. METHODS: Ten clusters randomly selected from each arm of the cRCT will be used for the study. A total of 750 ITNs per type will be followed in 5 study clusters per arm to assess ITN attrition and fabric integrity at 6-, 12-, 24- and 36-months post distribution, using standard WHO procedures. A second cohort of 1800 nets per type will be withdrawn every 6 months from all 10 clusters per arm and assessed for chemical content and biological activity in laboratory bioassays at each time point. Alpha-cypermethrin bioefficacy in Interceptor(®) and Royal Guard(®) will be monitored in WHO cone bioassays and tunnel tests using the susceptible Anopheles gambiae Kisumu strain. The bioefficacy of the non-pyrethroid insecticides (chlorfenapyr in Interceptor(®) G2 and pyriproxyfen in Royal Guard(®)) will be monitored using the pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles coluzzii Akron strain. Chlorfenapyr activity will be assessed in tunnel tests while pyriproxyfen activity will be assessed in cone bioassays in terms of the reduction in fertility of blood-fed survivors observed by dissecting mosquito ovaries. Nets withdrawn at 12, 24 and 36 months will be tested in experimental hut trials within the cRCT study area against wild free-flying pyrethroid resistant An. gambiae sensu lato to investigate their superiority to Interceptor(®) and to compare them to ITNs washed 20 times for experimental hut evaluation studies. Mechanistic models will also be used to investigate whether entomological outcomes with each dual ITN type in experimental hut trials can predict their epidemiological performance in the cRCT. CONCLUSION: This study will provide information on the durability of two dual AI nets (Interceptor(®) G2 and Royal Guard(®)) in Benin and will help identify suitable methods for monitoring the durability of their insecticidal activity under operational conditions. The modelling component will determine the capacity of experimental hut trials to predict the epidemiological performance of dual AI nets across their lifespan. BioMed Central 2023-09-16 /pmc/articles/PMC10504698/ /pubmed/37716970 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-023-04708-x Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Methodology Ngufor, Corine Fongnikin, Augustin Fagbohoun, Josias Agbevo, Abel Syme, Thomas Ahoga, Juniace Accrombessi, Manfred Protopopoff, Natacha Cook, Jackie Churcher, Thomas S. Padonou, Germain Gil Govoetchan, Renaud Akogbeto, Martin Evaluating the attrition, fabric integrity and insecticidal durability of two dual active ingredient nets (Interceptor(®) G2 and Royal(®) Guard): methodology for a prospective study embedded in a cluster randomized controlled trial in Benin |
title | Evaluating the attrition, fabric integrity and insecticidal durability of two dual active ingredient nets (Interceptor(®) G2 and Royal(®) Guard): methodology for a prospective study embedded in a cluster randomized controlled trial in Benin |
title_full | Evaluating the attrition, fabric integrity and insecticidal durability of two dual active ingredient nets (Interceptor(®) G2 and Royal(®) Guard): methodology for a prospective study embedded in a cluster randomized controlled trial in Benin |
title_fullStr | Evaluating the attrition, fabric integrity and insecticidal durability of two dual active ingredient nets (Interceptor(®) G2 and Royal(®) Guard): methodology for a prospective study embedded in a cluster randomized controlled trial in Benin |
title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating the attrition, fabric integrity and insecticidal durability of two dual active ingredient nets (Interceptor(®) G2 and Royal(®) Guard): methodology for a prospective study embedded in a cluster randomized controlled trial in Benin |
title_short | Evaluating the attrition, fabric integrity and insecticidal durability of two dual active ingredient nets (Interceptor(®) G2 and Royal(®) Guard): methodology for a prospective study embedded in a cluster randomized controlled trial in Benin |
title_sort | evaluating the attrition, fabric integrity and insecticidal durability of two dual active ingredient nets (interceptor(®) g2 and royal(®) guard): methodology for a prospective study embedded in a cluster randomized controlled trial in benin |
topic | Methodology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10504698/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37716970 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-023-04708-x |
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