Correlation of Sarcopenic Obesity on Various Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Fracture Risk in Mid-Aged Korean Women

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the correlation of sarcopenic obesity with various cardiometabolic risk factors and fracture risk in middle-aged Korean women. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, the medical records of 1,775 women who had visited Pusan National University Hospital for routine health screenings from 2010 to 2016 were reviewed. The patients were divided into four groups as follows: group 1, nonsarcopenic, nonobese (NS-NO); group 2, nonsarcopenic, obese (NS-O); group 3, sarcopenic, nonobese (S-NO); and group 4, sarcopenic, obese (S-O). Each patient was assessed based on self-reported questionnaires and individual interviews with a healthcare provider. The Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) was used to assess bone fracture risk. RESULTS: Postmenopausal women accounted for 68.5% of the total patient population. The proportion of each group was as follows: NS-NO, 71.2%; NS-O, 17.9%; S-NO, 10.2%; and S-O, 0.7%. Statistical analysis of various parameters associated with metabolic and cardiovascular risks revealed that the S-O group had more patients with hypertension, diabetes, osteopenia, and metabolic syndrome. The FRAX scores were significantly higher in the S-O group than in other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Middle-aged women with obesity and reduced muscle mass, known as sarcopenic obesity, are at increased risk of hypertension, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, sarcopenic obesity, individual cardiometabolic risks, and menopause can increase the bone fracture risk.