Effect of different ventilation methods combined with pulmonary surfactant on neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome

BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory distress syndrome precipitates is widespread pulmonary injury in impacted individuals, the neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS), primarily observed in preterm infants, represents a prevalent critical condition in neonatal clinical settings. AIM: To investigate the clinical efficacy of various ventilation strategies combined with pulmonary surfactant (PS) therapy in the treatment of NRDS. METHODS: A total of 20 neonates diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome, admitted between May 2021 and June 2022, were randomly assigned to either a research group or a control group. Neonates in the research group received treatment involving high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) in conjunction with PS. In contrast, neonates in the control group were administered either controlled mechanical ventilation or synchronous intermittent mandatory ventilation, combined with PS. Arterial blood samples from the neonates in both groups were collected before treatment, as well as 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h post-treatment. These samples underwent blood gas analysis, with measurements taken for pH value, partial pressures of oxygen (O(2)) and carbon dioxide. Concurrently, data was collected on the duration of ventilator use, length of hospitalization time, O(2) treatment time, treatment outcomes, and complications of the ventilator. RESULTS: From 6-48 h post-treatment, both groups demonstrated significant improvements in arterial blood pH and oxygen partial pressure, along with a significant decrease in carbon dioxide partial pressure compared to pre-treatment values (P < 0.05). Although these changes progressed over time, there were no significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, the research group had significantly lower X-ray scores, shorter hospitalization time, and less time on O(2) therapy compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Mortality rates were similar between the two groups (P > 0.05), but the research group had a significantly lower incidence of complications (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The integration of HFOV combine with PS has proven to effectively expedite the treatment duration, decrease the occurrence of complications, and secure the therapeutic efficacy in managing NRDS.