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A cross-sectional investigation of Leptospira at the wildlife-livestock interface in New Zealand

There has been a recent upsurge in human cases of leptospirosis in New Zealand, with wildlife a suspected emerging source, but up-to-date knowledge on this topic is lacking. We conducted a cross-sectional study in two farm environments to estimate Leptospira seroprevalence in wildlife and sympatric...

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Autores principales: Moinet, Marie, Oosterhof, Hedwich, Nisa, Shahista, Haack, Neville, Wilkinson, David A., Aberdein, Danielle, Russell, James C., Vallée, Emilie, Collins-Emerson, Julie, Heuer, Cord, Benschop, Jackie
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10506710/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37672535
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011624
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author Moinet, Marie
Oosterhof, Hedwich
Nisa, Shahista
Haack, Neville
Wilkinson, David A.
Aberdein, Danielle
Russell, James C.
Vallée, Emilie
Collins-Emerson, Julie
Heuer, Cord
Benschop, Jackie
author_facet Moinet, Marie
Oosterhof, Hedwich
Nisa, Shahista
Haack, Neville
Wilkinson, David A.
Aberdein, Danielle
Russell, James C.
Vallée, Emilie
Collins-Emerson, Julie
Heuer, Cord
Benschop, Jackie
author_sort Moinet, Marie
collection PubMed
description There has been a recent upsurge in human cases of leptospirosis in New Zealand, with wildlife a suspected emerging source, but up-to-date knowledge on this topic is lacking. We conducted a cross-sectional study in two farm environments to estimate Leptospira seroprevalence in wildlife and sympatric livestock, PCR/culture prevalence in wildlife, and compare seroprevalence and prevalence between species, sex, and age groups. Traps targeting house mice (Mus musculus), black rats (Rattus rattus), hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) and brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) were set for 10 trap-nights in March-April 2017 on a dairy (A) and a beef and sheep (B) farm. Trapped wild animals and an age-stratified random sample of domestic animals, namely cattle, sheep and working dogs were blood sampled. Sera were tested by microagglutination test for five serogroups and titres compared using a Proportional Similarity Index (PSI). Wildlife kidneys were sampled for culture and qPCR targeting the lipL32 gene. True prevalence in mice was assessed using occupancy modelling by collating different laboratory results. Infection profiles varied by species, age group and farm. At the MAT cut-point of ≥ 48, up to 78% of wildlife species, and 16–99% of domestic animals were seropositive. Five of nine hedgehogs, 23/105 mice and 1/14 black rats reacted to L. borgpetersenii sv Ballum. The sera of 4/18 possums and 4/9 hedgehogs reacted to L. borgpetersenii sv Hardjobovis whilst 1/18 possums and 1/9 hedgehogs reacted to Tarassovi. In ruminants, seroprevalence for Hardjobovis and Pomona ranged 0–90% and 0–71% depending on the species and age group. Titres against Ballum, Tarassovi and Copenhageni were also observed in 4–20%, 0–25% and 0–21% of domestic species, respectively. The PSI indicated rodents and livestock had the most dissimilar serological responses. Three of nine hedgehogs, 31/105 mice and 2/14 rats were carrying leptospires (PCR and/or culture positive). True prevalence estimated by occupancy modelling in mice was 38% [95% Credible Interval 26, 51%] on Farm A and 22% [11, 40%] on Farm B. In the same environment, exposure to serovars found in wildlife species was commonly detected in livestock. Transmission pathways between and within species should be assessed to help in the development of efficient mitigation strategies against Leptospira.
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spelling pubmed-105067102023-09-19 A cross-sectional investigation of Leptospira at the wildlife-livestock interface in New Zealand Moinet, Marie Oosterhof, Hedwich Nisa, Shahista Haack, Neville Wilkinson, David A. Aberdein, Danielle Russell, James C. Vallée, Emilie Collins-Emerson, Julie Heuer, Cord Benschop, Jackie PLoS Negl Trop Dis Research Article There has been a recent upsurge in human cases of leptospirosis in New Zealand, with wildlife a suspected emerging source, but up-to-date knowledge on this topic is lacking. We conducted a cross-sectional study in two farm environments to estimate Leptospira seroprevalence in wildlife and sympatric livestock, PCR/culture prevalence in wildlife, and compare seroprevalence and prevalence between species, sex, and age groups. Traps targeting house mice (Mus musculus), black rats (Rattus rattus), hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) and brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) were set for 10 trap-nights in March-April 2017 on a dairy (A) and a beef and sheep (B) farm. Trapped wild animals and an age-stratified random sample of domestic animals, namely cattle, sheep and working dogs were blood sampled. Sera were tested by microagglutination test for five serogroups and titres compared using a Proportional Similarity Index (PSI). Wildlife kidneys were sampled for culture and qPCR targeting the lipL32 gene. True prevalence in mice was assessed using occupancy modelling by collating different laboratory results. Infection profiles varied by species, age group and farm. At the MAT cut-point of ≥ 48, up to 78% of wildlife species, and 16–99% of domestic animals were seropositive. Five of nine hedgehogs, 23/105 mice and 1/14 black rats reacted to L. borgpetersenii sv Ballum. The sera of 4/18 possums and 4/9 hedgehogs reacted to L. borgpetersenii sv Hardjobovis whilst 1/18 possums and 1/9 hedgehogs reacted to Tarassovi. In ruminants, seroprevalence for Hardjobovis and Pomona ranged 0–90% and 0–71% depending on the species and age group. Titres against Ballum, Tarassovi and Copenhageni were also observed in 4–20%, 0–25% and 0–21% of domestic species, respectively. The PSI indicated rodents and livestock had the most dissimilar serological responses. Three of nine hedgehogs, 31/105 mice and 2/14 rats were carrying leptospires (PCR and/or culture positive). True prevalence estimated by occupancy modelling in mice was 38% [95% Credible Interval 26, 51%] on Farm A and 22% [11, 40%] on Farm B. In the same environment, exposure to serovars found in wildlife species was commonly detected in livestock. Transmission pathways between and within species should be assessed to help in the development of efficient mitigation strategies against Leptospira. Public Library of Science 2023-09-06 /pmc/articles/PMC10506710/ /pubmed/37672535 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011624 Text en © 2023 Moinet et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Moinet, Marie
Oosterhof, Hedwich
Nisa, Shahista
Haack, Neville
Wilkinson, David A.
Aberdein, Danielle
Russell, James C.
Vallée, Emilie
Collins-Emerson, Julie
Heuer, Cord
Benschop, Jackie
A cross-sectional investigation of Leptospira at the wildlife-livestock interface in New Zealand
title A cross-sectional investigation of Leptospira at the wildlife-livestock interface in New Zealand
title_full A cross-sectional investigation of Leptospira at the wildlife-livestock interface in New Zealand
title_fullStr A cross-sectional investigation of Leptospira at the wildlife-livestock interface in New Zealand
title_full_unstemmed A cross-sectional investigation of Leptospira at the wildlife-livestock interface in New Zealand
title_short A cross-sectional investigation of Leptospira at the wildlife-livestock interface in New Zealand
title_sort cross-sectional investigation of leptospira at the wildlife-livestock interface in new zealand
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10506710/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37672535
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011624
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