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Live synthesis of selective carbon dots as fluorescent probes for cobalt determination in water with an automatic microanalyzer

A new strategy integrating the straight synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) and their direct use for the determination of heavy metals by means of fluorescence quenching is presented. The proposal consists of a modular analyzer, which includes a low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) microreactor for t...

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Autores principales: Pascual-Esco, Alex, Lleonart, Pere, Calvo-López, Antonio, Alonso-Chamarro, Julián, Puyol, Mar
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Vienna 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10506924/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37723255
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00604-023-05975-w
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author Pascual-Esco, Alex
Lleonart, Pere
Calvo-López, Antonio
Alonso-Chamarro, Julián
Puyol, Mar
author_facet Pascual-Esco, Alex
Lleonart, Pere
Calvo-López, Antonio
Alonso-Chamarro, Julián
Puyol, Mar
author_sort Pascual-Esco, Alex
collection PubMed
description A new strategy integrating the straight synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) and their direct use for the determination of heavy metals by means of fluorescence quenching is presented. The proposal consists of a modular analyzer, which includes a low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) microreactor for the synthesis of CDs and a cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) microfluidic platform, which automatically performs a reverse flow injection analysis (rFIA) protocol for the determination of heavy metal ions in water by CD fluorescence quenching. As a proof of concept, nitrogen-doped CDs were synthesized from acrylic acid and ethylenediamine (ED) with quantum yields (QYs) of up to 44%, which are selective to cobalt. With the described system, we synthesized homogeneous CDs without the need for further purification and with the minimum consumption of reagents, and optimized fluorescence measurements can be performed with freshly obtained luminescent nanomaterials that have not undergone decomposition processes. They have an average hydrodynamic diameter of 4.2 ± 0.9 nm and maximum excitation and emission wavelengths at 358 nm and 452 nm, respectively. The system allows the automatic dilution and buffering of the synthesized CDs and the sample prior to the determination of cobalt. The concentration of cobalt was determined with good sensitivity and a limit of detection of 7 μg·L(−1) with a linear range of 0.02–1 mg·L(−1) of Co(2+). Spiked tap water and river water samples were analyzed, obtaining recovery from 98 to 104%. This demonstrates the potential of the equipment as an efficient on-site control system for heavy metal monitoring in water. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text]
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spelling pubmed-105069242023-09-20 Live synthesis of selective carbon dots as fluorescent probes for cobalt determination in water with an automatic microanalyzer Pascual-Esco, Alex Lleonart, Pere Calvo-López, Antonio Alonso-Chamarro, Julián Puyol, Mar Mikrochim Acta Original Paper A new strategy integrating the straight synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) and their direct use for the determination of heavy metals by means of fluorescence quenching is presented. The proposal consists of a modular analyzer, which includes a low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) microreactor for the synthesis of CDs and a cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) microfluidic platform, which automatically performs a reverse flow injection analysis (rFIA) protocol for the determination of heavy metal ions in water by CD fluorescence quenching. As a proof of concept, nitrogen-doped CDs were synthesized from acrylic acid and ethylenediamine (ED) with quantum yields (QYs) of up to 44%, which are selective to cobalt. With the described system, we synthesized homogeneous CDs without the need for further purification and with the minimum consumption of reagents, and optimized fluorescence measurements can be performed with freshly obtained luminescent nanomaterials that have not undergone decomposition processes. They have an average hydrodynamic diameter of 4.2 ± 0.9 nm and maximum excitation and emission wavelengths at 358 nm and 452 nm, respectively. The system allows the automatic dilution and buffering of the synthesized CDs and the sample prior to the determination of cobalt. The concentration of cobalt was determined with good sensitivity and a limit of detection of 7 μg·L(−1) with a linear range of 0.02–1 mg·L(−1) of Co(2+). Spiked tap water and river water samples were analyzed, obtaining recovery from 98 to 104%. This demonstrates the potential of the equipment as an efficient on-site control system for heavy metal monitoring in water. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] Springer Vienna 2023-09-19 2023 /pmc/articles/PMC10506924/ /pubmed/37723255 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00604-023-05975-w Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Original Paper
Pascual-Esco, Alex
Lleonart, Pere
Calvo-López, Antonio
Alonso-Chamarro, Julián
Puyol, Mar
Live synthesis of selective carbon dots as fluorescent probes for cobalt determination in water with an automatic microanalyzer
title Live synthesis of selective carbon dots as fluorescent probes for cobalt determination in water with an automatic microanalyzer
title_full Live synthesis of selective carbon dots as fluorescent probes for cobalt determination in water with an automatic microanalyzer
title_fullStr Live synthesis of selective carbon dots as fluorescent probes for cobalt determination in water with an automatic microanalyzer
title_full_unstemmed Live synthesis of selective carbon dots as fluorescent probes for cobalt determination in water with an automatic microanalyzer
title_short Live synthesis of selective carbon dots as fluorescent probes for cobalt determination in water with an automatic microanalyzer
title_sort live synthesis of selective carbon dots as fluorescent probes for cobalt determination in water with an automatic microanalyzer
topic Original Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10506924/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37723255
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00604-023-05975-w
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