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Impact of pesticide regulations on mortality from suicide by pesticide in China: an interrupted time series analysis
BACKGROUND: Pesticide bans and regulatory restrictions have been shown to be effective strategies for preventing suicide in several countries. Suicide and suicide by pesticides have decreased significantly in China over the past two decades. However, whether the reduction was associated with pestici...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10507350/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37732083 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1189923 |
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author | Yan, Yongfu Jiang, Yingying Liu, Rong Eddleston, Michael Tao, Chuanjiang Page, Andrew Wang, Lijun Feng, Guoshuang Liu, Shiwei |
author_facet | Yan, Yongfu Jiang, Yingying Liu, Rong Eddleston, Michael Tao, Chuanjiang Page, Andrew Wang, Lijun Feng, Guoshuang Liu, Shiwei |
author_sort | Yan, Yongfu |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Pesticide bans and regulatory restrictions have been shown to be effective strategies for preventing suicide in several countries. Suicide and suicide by pesticides have decreased significantly in China over the past two decades. However, whether the reduction was associated with pesticide regulation is unknown. METHODS: The monthly data on suicide and suicide by pesticide from 2006 to 2018 were obtained from China's Disease Surveillance Point (DSP) system. Information on China's pesticide regulations since 1970 was obtained from Pesticide Action Network International (PAN International), Joint Meeting on Pesticide Management Highly Hazardous Pesticides (JMPM HHP) lists, the website of the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Pesticide Information Network of China, and the Wan Fang database. Change point detection and policy analysis were combined to identify the time of any trend change breakpoint of suicide and suicide by pesticide. Interrupted time series analysis was used to investigate the pre- and post-breakpoint trends of monthly standardized rates in suicide and suicide by pesticide. RESULTS: The standardized pesticide suicide rate decreased by 60.5% from 6.50 in 2006 to 2.56 per 100,000 in 2018. Larger declines were evident among people in urban areas (67.3%), female individuals (63.5%), and people aged 15–44 years (68.1%). The effect of policies banning highly hazardous organophosphorus pesticides (HHOP) [rate ratio (RR) = 0.993, 95% CIs (0.991–0.994)] in December 2008 and stopping domestic sales and use of paraquat aqueous solution (RR = 0.992, 95% CIs: 0.990–0.994) in July 2016 were more pronounced than regulating the paraquat-related products (RR = 1.003, 95% CIs: 1.002–1.004) in April 2012. CONCLUSION: Declines in suicide by pesticide in China occurred contemporaneously with regulatory bans and restrictions implemented on several pesticides, particularly in urban areas, among female individuals, and the relatively low age profile. These findings indicate the potential influence of these bans on trends of suicide by pesticides. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10507350 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-105073502023-09-20 Impact of pesticide regulations on mortality from suicide by pesticide in China: an interrupted time series analysis Yan, Yongfu Jiang, Yingying Liu, Rong Eddleston, Michael Tao, Chuanjiang Page, Andrew Wang, Lijun Feng, Guoshuang Liu, Shiwei Front Psychiatry Psychiatry BACKGROUND: Pesticide bans and regulatory restrictions have been shown to be effective strategies for preventing suicide in several countries. Suicide and suicide by pesticides have decreased significantly in China over the past two decades. However, whether the reduction was associated with pesticide regulation is unknown. METHODS: The monthly data on suicide and suicide by pesticide from 2006 to 2018 were obtained from China's Disease Surveillance Point (DSP) system. Information on China's pesticide regulations since 1970 was obtained from Pesticide Action Network International (PAN International), Joint Meeting on Pesticide Management Highly Hazardous Pesticides (JMPM HHP) lists, the website of the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Pesticide Information Network of China, and the Wan Fang database. Change point detection and policy analysis were combined to identify the time of any trend change breakpoint of suicide and suicide by pesticide. Interrupted time series analysis was used to investigate the pre- and post-breakpoint trends of monthly standardized rates in suicide and suicide by pesticide. RESULTS: The standardized pesticide suicide rate decreased by 60.5% from 6.50 in 2006 to 2.56 per 100,000 in 2018. Larger declines were evident among people in urban areas (67.3%), female individuals (63.5%), and people aged 15–44 years (68.1%). The effect of policies banning highly hazardous organophosphorus pesticides (HHOP) [rate ratio (RR) = 0.993, 95% CIs (0.991–0.994)] in December 2008 and stopping domestic sales and use of paraquat aqueous solution (RR = 0.992, 95% CIs: 0.990–0.994) in July 2016 were more pronounced than regulating the paraquat-related products (RR = 1.003, 95% CIs: 1.002–1.004) in April 2012. CONCLUSION: Declines in suicide by pesticide in China occurred contemporaneously with regulatory bans and restrictions implemented on several pesticides, particularly in urban areas, among female individuals, and the relatively low age profile. These findings indicate the potential influence of these bans on trends of suicide by pesticides. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-09-04 /pmc/articles/PMC10507350/ /pubmed/37732083 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1189923 Text en Copyright © 2023 Yan, Jiang, Liu, Eddleston, Tao, Page, Wang, Feng and Liu. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Psychiatry Yan, Yongfu Jiang, Yingying Liu, Rong Eddleston, Michael Tao, Chuanjiang Page, Andrew Wang, Lijun Feng, Guoshuang Liu, Shiwei Impact of pesticide regulations on mortality from suicide by pesticide in China: an interrupted time series analysis |
title | Impact of pesticide regulations on mortality from suicide by pesticide in China: an interrupted time series analysis |
title_full | Impact of pesticide regulations on mortality from suicide by pesticide in China: an interrupted time series analysis |
title_fullStr | Impact of pesticide regulations on mortality from suicide by pesticide in China: an interrupted time series analysis |
title_full_unstemmed | Impact of pesticide regulations on mortality from suicide by pesticide in China: an interrupted time series analysis |
title_short | Impact of pesticide regulations on mortality from suicide by pesticide in China: an interrupted time series analysis |
title_sort | impact of pesticide regulations on mortality from suicide by pesticide in china: an interrupted time series analysis |
topic | Psychiatry |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10507350/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37732083 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1189923 |
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