The effect of green synthesis of TiO(2) nanoparticles/collagen/HA scaffold in bone regeneration: As an animal study

BACKGROUND: The bone defects cannot heal by themselves when their range exceeds the critical size defect (CSD). In clinical treatment, significant bone defects are often caused by trauma, developmental deformity, tumour resection and infection. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of green synthesis of TiO(2) from propolis extract/collagen/HA (Hydroxyapatite) scaffolds on bone regeneration in rats. METHODS: Water uptake, biodegradability, porosity and biodegradation of the scaffolds were evaluated after they were synthesised using freeze‐dry method. Cell viability by MTT assay was then evaluated. During the 4, 8 and 12 weeks following the scaffold implantation, the bone regeneration was evaluated using macroscopic and microscopic tests to determine the effectiveness of green synthesis of TiO(2) from propolis extract/collagen/HA scaffolds. RESULTS: Compared to the HA/Coll scaffold, ProTiO(2)/HA/Coll scaffold was reduced porosity, water absorption and degradability porosity. Based on in vitro tests, both synthetic scaffolds induced cell growth and were less toxic and stimulated cell growth. Based on histopathological testing, the ProTiO(2)/HA/Coll scaffolds formed high levels of bone during 12 weeks in comparison with HA/Coll and control group. CONCLUSIONS: ProTiO(2)/HA/Coll composite can be used in regenerative medicine, bone fillers and scaffolds. As a result, this research suggests that ProTiO(2)/HA/Coll composites could be promising candidates for bone regeneration.