Identification genetic variations in some heat shock protein genes of Tali goat breed and study their structural and functional effects on relevant proteins

BACKGROUND: Animals of different regions have adapted to adverse environmental conditions by modifying their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics in the long run. OBJECTIVES: In this study, the effect of genetic variations of 10 heat shock protein (HSP) genes (HSP70A4, HSP70A9, HSP40C17, HSP40C27, HSP90AA1, HSP90AB1, HSPB7, HSPB11, HSPD1 and HSPE1) on the three‐dimensional protein structure and function of proteins in Tali goat (a tropical breed) were studied and were compared with Saanen goat (as a sensitive breed). METHODS: A pooled DNA of 15 samples from blood was sequenced and mapped to the goat reference sequence. The bioinformatics analysis was used to identify nsSNPs in the Tali breed and was compared with the Saanen goat. Four online bioinformatics tools (Sorting Intolerant from Tolerant, Protein Variation Effect Analyzer, Polymorphism Phenotyping version2 and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Database and Gene Ontology) showed three deleterious missense nsSNPs and seven natural missense SNPs in these HSPs genes of Tali goat. RESULTS: Out of 10 reported nsSNPs, 5 nsSNPs in HSP70A4, 1 nsSNP inHSP70A9, 2 nsSNPs in HSP40C17, 1 nsSNP in HSP40C27 and 1 nsSNP in HSPD1 were detected. ConSurf tools showed that the majority of the predicted nsSNPs occur in conserved sites. Moreover, several post‐translational modification (PTM) predictors computed the probability of post‐translation change of nsSNPs. The putative phosphorylation and glycosylation sites in HSPs proteins were substitutions rs669769139 and rs666336692 of the Tali goat breed. CONCLUSION: These results on the effect of type of genetic variants on the function of HSP proteins will assist to predict the resistance to hard conditions in goat breeds. Considering that the identified SNPid rs669769139 (S248) which is located on the N‐terminal ATPase domain of HSP70A4 is a PTM site with a highly conserved score and a natural substitution on changing the stability and benign protein that can affect the functional and structural characterization of HSPs protein for adaptation to the local climate.