Lycopene improves autophagy and attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats

AIM: To evaluate the effect of lycopene on carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced hepatic fibrosis and elucidate the underlying mechanism. METHODS: Male rats were randomly assigned to the control group, CCl(4) group, and lycopene group. The CCl(4) group was intraperitoneally injected with CCl(4) twice per week for 12 weeks to induce hepatic fibrosis. The control group was intraperitoneally injected with olive oil. Lycopene was orally administered during CCl(4) treatment. Body weight and liver weight were recorded. Liver function was assessed. Biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammatory factors were measured. Histological changes and collagen expression were evaluated. The expression of TGF-β1, α-SMA, HO-1, SIRT 1, REDD1, SHP2, P62, and LC3 in the liver was determined, as well as the levels of phosphorylated NF-κB and IκB α. RESULTS: Lycopene significantly reduced the liver/body weight ratio, and AST (P = 0.001) and ALT levels (P = 0.009). It also significantly increased CAT and SOD activities (P < 0.001) and decreased MDA content (P < 0.001), IL-6 (P < 0.001), and TNF-α (P = 0.001). Histological analysis demonstrated that lycopene improved lobular architecture and decreased collagen expression. It also decreased the expression of TGF-β1, α-SMA, P62, and SHP2, and increased the ratio of LC3 II/I, as well as Beclin 1 and REDD1 expression. In addition, it reduced NF-κB and IκB-α phosphorylation, and elevated the levels of HO-1, SIRT 1, and PGC 1α. CONCLUSION: Lycopene attenuates CCl(4)-induced hepatic fibrosis because of its effect on autophagy by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.