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Intelligence, cognition, and major neurocognitive disorders: From constructs to measures

The study of intelligence's role in development of major neurocognitive disorders (MND) is influenced by the approaches used to conceptualize and measure these constructs. In the field of cognitive impairment, the use of single ‘intelligence’ tests is a common approach to estimate intelligence....

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Autor principal: Salvadori, Emilia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10510085/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37736144
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cccb.2023.100185
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author Salvadori, Emilia
author_facet Salvadori, Emilia
author_sort Salvadori, Emilia
collection PubMed
description The study of intelligence's role in development of major neurocognitive disorders (MND) is influenced by the approaches used to conceptualize and measure these constructs. In the field of cognitive impairment, the use of single ‘intelligence’ tests is a common approach to estimate intelligence. Despite being a practical compromise between feasibility and constructs, variance of these tests is only partially explained by general intelligence, and some tools (e.g., lexical tasks for premorbid intelligence) presented inherent limitations. Alternatively, factorial models allow an actual measure of intelligence as a latent factor superintending all mental abilities. Royall and colleagues used structural equation modeling to decompose the Spearman's general intelligence factor g in δ (shared variance across cognitive and functional measures) and g’ (shared variance across cognitive measures only). Authors defined δ as the ‘cognitive correlates of functional status’, and thus a ‘phenotype for all cause dementia’. Compared to g’, δ explained a little rate of cognitive measures’ variance, but it demonstrated a higher accuracy in dementia case-finding. From the methodological perspective, given g ‘indifference’ to its indicators, further studies are needed to identify the minimal set of tools necessary to extract g, and to test also non-cognitive variables as measures of δ. From the clinical perspective, general intelligence seems to influence MND presence and severity more than domain specific cognitive abilities. Giving δ ‘blindness’ to etiology, its association with biomarkers and contribution to differential diagnosis might be limited. Classical neuropsychological approaches based on patterns of performances at cognitive tests remained fundamental for differential diagnosis.
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spelling pubmed-105100852023-09-21 Intelligence, cognition, and major neurocognitive disorders: From constructs to measures Salvadori, Emilia Cereb Circ Cogn Behav Article The study of intelligence's role in development of major neurocognitive disorders (MND) is influenced by the approaches used to conceptualize and measure these constructs. In the field of cognitive impairment, the use of single ‘intelligence’ tests is a common approach to estimate intelligence. Despite being a practical compromise between feasibility and constructs, variance of these tests is only partially explained by general intelligence, and some tools (e.g., lexical tasks for premorbid intelligence) presented inherent limitations. Alternatively, factorial models allow an actual measure of intelligence as a latent factor superintending all mental abilities. Royall and colleagues used structural equation modeling to decompose the Spearman's general intelligence factor g in δ (shared variance across cognitive and functional measures) and g’ (shared variance across cognitive measures only). Authors defined δ as the ‘cognitive correlates of functional status’, and thus a ‘phenotype for all cause dementia’. Compared to g’, δ explained a little rate of cognitive measures’ variance, but it demonstrated a higher accuracy in dementia case-finding. From the methodological perspective, given g ‘indifference’ to its indicators, further studies are needed to identify the minimal set of tools necessary to extract g, and to test also non-cognitive variables as measures of δ. From the clinical perspective, general intelligence seems to influence MND presence and severity more than domain specific cognitive abilities. Giving δ ‘blindness’ to etiology, its association with biomarkers and contribution to differential diagnosis might be limited. Classical neuropsychological approaches based on patterns of performances at cognitive tests remained fundamental for differential diagnosis. Elsevier 2023-09-15 /pmc/articles/PMC10510085/ /pubmed/37736144 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cccb.2023.100185 Text en © 2023 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Salvadori, Emilia
Intelligence, cognition, and major neurocognitive disorders: From constructs to measures
title Intelligence, cognition, and major neurocognitive disorders: From constructs to measures
title_full Intelligence, cognition, and major neurocognitive disorders: From constructs to measures
title_fullStr Intelligence, cognition, and major neurocognitive disorders: From constructs to measures
title_full_unstemmed Intelligence, cognition, and major neurocognitive disorders: From constructs to measures
title_short Intelligence, cognition, and major neurocognitive disorders: From constructs to measures
title_sort intelligence, cognition, and major neurocognitive disorders: from constructs to measures
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10510085/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37736144
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cccb.2023.100185
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