Cargando…
Rapid Internalization of Nanoparticles by Human Cells at the Single Particle Level
[Image: see text] Nanoparticle uptake by cells has been studied for applications both in nanomedicine and in nanosafety. While the majority of studies have focused on the biological mechanisms underlying particle internalization, less attention has been given to questions of a more quantitative natu...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Chemical Society
2023
|
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10510712/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37642490 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.3c01124 |
_version_ | 1785108004209688576 |
---|---|
author | Richards, Ceri J. Burgers, Thomas C. Q. Vlijm, Rifka Roos, Wouter H. Åberg, Christoffer |
author_facet | Richards, Ceri J. Burgers, Thomas C. Q. Vlijm, Rifka Roos, Wouter H. Åberg, Christoffer |
author_sort | Richards, Ceri J. |
collection | PubMed |
description | [Image: see text] Nanoparticle uptake by cells has been studied for applications both in nanomedicine and in nanosafety. While the majority of studies have focused on the biological mechanisms underlying particle internalization, less attention has been given to questions of a more quantitative nature, such as how many nanoparticles enter cells and how rapidly they do so. To address this, we exposed human embryonic kidney cells to 40–200 nm carboxylated polystyrene nanoparticles and the particles were observed by live-cell confocal and super-resolution stimulated emission depletion fluorescence microscopy. How long a particle remained at the cell membrane after adsorbing onto it was monitored, distinguishing whether the particle ultimately desorbed again or was internalized by the cell. We found that the majority of particles desorb, but interestingly, most of the particles that are internalized do so within seconds, independently of particle size. As this is faster than typical endocytic mechanisms, we interpret this observation as the particles entering via an endocytic event that is already taking place (as opposed to directly triggering their own uptake) or possibly via an as yet uncharacterized endocytic route. Aside from the rapidly internalizing particles, a minority of particles remain at the membrane for tens of seconds to minutes before desorbing or being internalized. We also followed particles after cell internalization, observing particles that appeared to exit the cell, sometimes as rapidly as within tens of seconds. Overall, our results provide quantitative information about nanoparticle cell internalization times and early trafficking. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10510712 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | American Chemical Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-105107122023-09-21 Rapid Internalization of Nanoparticles by Human Cells at the Single Particle Level Richards, Ceri J. Burgers, Thomas C. Q. Vlijm, Rifka Roos, Wouter H. Åberg, Christoffer ACS Nano [Image: see text] Nanoparticle uptake by cells has been studied for applications both in nanomedicine and in nanosafety. While the majority of studies have focused on the biological mechanisms underlying particle internalization, less attention has been given to questions of a more quantitative nature, such as how many nanoparticles enter cells and how rapidly they do so. To address this, we exposed human embryonic kidney cells to 40–200 nm carboxylated polystyrene nanoparticles and the particles were observed by live-cell confocal and super-resolution stimulated emission depletion fluorescence microscopy. How long a particle remained at the cell membrane after adsorbing onto it was monitored, distinguishing whether the particle ultimately desorbed again or was internalized by the cell. We found that the majority of particles desorb, but interestingly, most of the particles that are internalized do so within seconds, independently of particle size. As this is faster than typical endocytic mechanisms, we interpret this observation as the particles entering via an endocytic event that is already taking place (as opposed to directly triggering their own uptake) or possibly via an as yet uncharacterized endocytic route. Aside from the rapidly internalizing particles, a minority of particles remain at the membrane for tens of seconds to minutes before desorbing or being internalized. We also followed particles after cell internalization, observing particles that appeared to exit the cell, sometimes as rapidly as within tens of seconds. Overall, our results provide quantitative information about nanoparticle cell internalization times and early trafficking. American Chemical Society 2023-08-29 /pmc/articles/PMC10510712/ /pubmed/37642490 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.3c01124 Text en © 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Permits the broadest form of re-use including for commercial purposes, provided that author attribution and integrity are maintained (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Richards, Ceri J. Burgers, Thomas C. Q. Vlijm, Rifka Roos, Wouter H. Åberg, Christoffer Rapid Internalization of Nanoparticles by Human Cells at the Single Particle Level |
title | Rapid
Internalization of Nanoparticles by Human Cells
at the Single Particle Level |
title_full | Rapid
Internalization of Nanoparticles by Human Cells
at the Single Particle Level |
title_fullStr | Rapid
Internalization of Nanoparticles by Human Cells
at the Single Particle Level |
title_full_unstemmed | Rapid
Internalization of Nanoparticles by Human Cells
at the Single Particle Level |
title_short | Rapid
Internalization of Nanoparticles by Human Cells
at the Single Particle Level |
title_sort | rapid
internalization of nanoparticles by human cells
at the single particle level |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10510712/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37642490 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.3c01124 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT richardscerij rapidinternalizationofnanoparticlesbyhumancellsatthesingleparticlelevel AT burgersthomascq rapidinternalizationofnanoparticlesbyhumancellsatthesingleparticlelevel AT vlijmrifka rapidinternalizationofnanoparticlesbyhumancellsatthesingleparticlelevel AT rooswouterh rapidinternalizationofnanoparticlesbyhumancellsatthesingleparticlelevel AT abergchristoffer rapidinternalizationofnanoparticlesbyhumancellsatthesingleparticlelevel |